ArticleNutrients2022
Thymol Alleviates LPS-Induced Liver Inflammation and Apoptosis by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and the AMPK-mTOR-Autophagy Pathway.
Article in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sustainable Applications of Thymol: Advances in Formulation Technologies, Drug Delivery Systems, and Food Preservation Strategies.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Phytochemistry and Bioactivities of Thymol and Carvacrol: Molecular Pathways, Metabolism, and Therapeutic Insights.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Plant Essential Oils and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: A Panoramic View of Molecular Mechanisms.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Thymol: properties, synthesis, mechanism of action, and applications.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- HHQG ameliorates acute liver injury (ALI) by inhibiting NLRP3 activation through RASD1-mediated regulation of the PKCδ-NF-κB signaling pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Protective effects of chlorogenic acid on hepatic injury in piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide: a preliminary study.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- Lights and Shadows of Essential Oil-Derived Compounds: Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Eugenol, Thymol, Cinnamaldehyde, and Carvacrol.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Inflammasomes and autophagy in cancer: unlocking targeted therapies.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Vincamine induces cytoprotective autophagy via regulation of ampk/mtor signaling pathway in gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- hUMSC-derived exosomes alleviate follicular interstitial cell autophagy by let-7a-5p/AMPK/mTOR axis in POI rats.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- The reciprocal regulation between autophagy and IL-22: implications for immunity and therapy.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Thymol promotes cell proliferation and protects against LPS-induced intestinal inflammation via activation of the EGFR/PI3K pathway.Food science and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Chemical Profiling and Assessment of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Therapeutic effects ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Pharmacological Perspective on the Neurobiology of PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signalling in Opioid Dependence.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Thymol Impacts the Progression of Endometriosis by Disrupting Estrogen Signaling Pathways and Inflammatory Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Neuroprotective Effects of Thymol and p-Cymene in Immobilized Male rats through Alterations in Molecular, Biochemical, Histological, and Behavioral Parameters.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
- Effects of cinnamon, rosemary and oregano on growth performance, blood biochemistry, liver enzyme activities, excreta microbiota and ileal morphology of Campylobacter jejuni-challenged broiler chickens.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
- Thymol Protects against 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Hepatotoxicity via the Regulation of the Akt/GSK-3β Pathway in In Vivo and In Silico Experimental Models.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Cardioprotective Potential of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil against Isoproterenol-induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy: Possible Involvement of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Oxidative Phosphorylation Complex Subunits.Current medical science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Thymol is a natural antibacterial agent found in the essential oil extracted from thyme, which has been proven to be beneficial in food and medicine. Meanwhile, the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and autophagy have been reported to play key roles in the progression of liver injury. However, the effects of thymol on the NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy in protecting the liver remain unclear. The present study used a mouse model with liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of thymol. We found that thymol alleviated LPS-induced liver structural damage, as judged by reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and improved structure. In addition, elevated levels of the liver damage indicators (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBIL)) dropped after thymol administration. The mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-22), apoptosis-related genes (caspase3 and caspase9), and the activity of apoptosis-related genes (caspase3 and caspase9) were increased in LPS-treated livers, whereas the changes were alleviated after thymol administration. Thymol inhibited LPS-induced increment in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in primary hepatocytes of the mouse. In addition, thymol protected mice from liver injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by LPS. Mechanistically, the present study indicates that thymol has liver protective activity resulting from the modulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK-mTOR) to regulate the autophagy pathway, hence curbing inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.