Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35889305›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of

Jecinta Wanjiru, Jeremiah Gathirwa, Elingarami Sauli, Hulda Shaid Swai

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
8.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Exploring the Therapeutic Benefits ofCurrent drug research reviews · 2026
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  20. International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Jecinta WanjiruDepartment of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha 23100, Tanzania.
Jeremiah GathirwaCentre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi 00200, Kenya.
Elingarami SauliDepartment of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha 23100, Tanzania.
Hulda Shaid SwaiDepartment of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha 23100, Tanzania.
Kenya Medical Research Institute · KENelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology · TZ

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Moringa oleifera leaf polyphenols (Mopp) were encapsulated with phytosomes to enhance their efficacy on 4T1 cancer cell lines. The Mopp were extracted via microwave-assisted extraction. Moringa oleifera polyphenol-loaded phytosomes (MoP) were prepared with the nanoprecipitation method and characterized using the dynamic light scattering and dialysis membrane techniques. The in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity were investigated with the (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazole) MTT assay. Acute toxicity was assessed using Swiss albino mice. An MoP particle size of 296 ± 0.29 nm, −40.1 ± 1.19 mV zeta potential, and polydispersity index of 0.106 ± 0.002 were obtained. The total phenolic content was 50.81 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g, while encapsulation efficiency was 90.32 ± 0.11%. The drug release profiles demonstrated biphasic and prolonged subsequent sustained release. In vitro assays indicated MoP had a low cytotoxicity effect of 98.84 ± 0.53 μg/mL, doxorubicin was 68.35 ± 3.508, and Mopp was 212.9 ± 1.30 μg/mL. Moreover, MoP exhibited the highest antiproliferative effect on 4T1 cancer cells with an inhibitory concentration of 7.73 ± 2.87 μg/mL and selectivity index > 3. The results indicated a significant difference (p ≤ 0.001) in MoP when compared to Mopp and doxorubicin. The in vivo investigation showed the safety of MoP at a dose below 2000 mg/kg. The present findings suggest that MoP may serve as an effective and promising formulation for breast cancer drug delivery and therapy.

Indexed as

Moringa oleiferaNeoplasmsAnimalsDoxorubicinHumansMCF-7 CellsMicePlant ExtractsPlant LeavesPolyphenolsDoxorubicinPlant ExtractsPolyphenolsantiproliferationbreast cancerMoringa oleiferanatural nanoparticlespolyphenols

Identifiers

PMID35889305
PMCPMC9320383
OpenAlexW4285095360

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.