ArticleMicromachines2022
Design, Characterization, and Liftoff of an Insect-Scale Soft Robotic Dragonfly Powered by Dielectric Elastomer Actuators.
Article in Micromachines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Light-driven micro/nanobots.Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Dielectric Elastomer Actuator-Based Soft Robots: Classification, Applications, and Future Perspectives.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Bioinspired Intelligent Soft Robotics: From Multidisciplinary Integration to Next-Generation Intelligence.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Reciprocal actuation core and modular robotic limbs for flying, swimming and running.Communications engineering · 2025Article
- Soft Finger Rehabilitation Exoskeleton of Biomimetic Dragonfly Abdominal Ventral Muscles: Center Tendon Pneumatic Bellows Actuator.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Attitude Control of Ornithopter Wing by Using a MIMO Active Disturbance Rejection Strategy.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Dragonflies are agile and efficient flyers that use two pairs of wings for demonstrating exquisite aerial maneuvers. Compared to two-winged insects such as bees or flies, dragonflies leverage forewing and hindwing interactions for achieving higher efficiency and net lift. Here we develop the first at-scale dragonfly-like robot and investigate the influence of flapping-wing kinematics on net lift force production. Our 317 mg robot is driven by two independent dielectric elastomer actuators that flap four wings at 350 Hz. We extract the robot flapping-wing kinematics using a high-speed camera, and further measure the robot lift forces at different operating frequencies, voltage amplitudes, and phases between the forewings and hindwings. Our robot achieves a maximum lift-to-weight ratio of 1.49, and its net lift force increases by 19% when the forewings and hindwings flap in-phase compared to out-of-phase flapping. These at-scale experiments demonstrate that forewing-hindwing interaction can significantly influence lift force production and aerodynamic efficiency of flapping-wing robots with passive wing pitch designs. Our results could further enable future experiments to achieve feedback-controlled flights.
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Registered trials
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