ReviewMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2022
Mini-Review on the Harlequin Syndrome-A Rare Dysautonomic Manifestation Requiring Attention.
Review in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harlequin syndrome: using clinical features and autonomic testing to unmask the disorder.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025Article
- Harlequin syndrome as part of cervicothoracic spine injury following a fall.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Unmasking the Harlequin syndrome: A clinical transformation.JAAD case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Unilateral facial flushing and hyperhidrosis in a 50-year-old woman.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025Article
- Harlequin syndrome in a young patient with osteosarcoma after pleural metastasectomy: A case report and a mini review of the literature.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Article
- Harlequin Syndrome Caused by Multinodular Goitre.Cureus · 2025Article
- Post-marketing safety assessment of epinephrine: an analysis of the US FDA adverse event reporting system.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Recognition of a patient with neck autonomic dysfunction: findings from a rare case report of harlequin syndrome in direct access physiotherapy.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2024Article
- Sarcoidosis-Associated Sensory Ganglionopathy and Harlequin Syndrome: A Case Report.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Harlequin syndrome (HS) is a rare autonomic disorder. The causes and risk factors of the disease are not fully understood. Some cases of HS are associated with traumatic injuries, tumors, or vascular impairments of the head. Symptoms of HS can also occur in some autoimmune disorders, ophthalmic disorders, sleep disorders, and with certain organic lesions. In this context, a thorough review of the pathophysiology of HS in relation to neurological, ophthalmological, and dermatological conditions is necessary. In this mini-review, we aim to review the pathophysiological changes and underlying mechanisms in primary and secondary HS. Additionally, we discuss possible management approaches for patients with HS in light of the discussed pathological mechanisms. The main symptoms of HS that are correlated with autonomic nervous system impairments include sudden unilateral flushing of the face, neck, chest, and rarely arm, with concurrent contralateral anhidrosis. Despite reported co-occurring syndromes (such as cluster headaches), several studies have shown that HS could frequently overlap with other syndromes that are disruptive to the idiopathic nerve pathways. HS usually does not require any medical treatment. In some severe cases, symptomatic treatments could be needed. However, total symptomatic relief may not be achieved in many cases of HS. We therefore suggest an approach to comprehensive management of HS, which may lead to better long-term control of HS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.