ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Mothers with Normal Weight, Obesity, or Gestational Diabetes.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Exploring the Endocannabinoid System's Influence on Mammary Tissue and Breast Milk Inflammation in Maternal Chronic Obesity.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Impact of maternal hypothyroidism on human milk macronutrient content and fatty acid composition: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association of maternal diet with human milk fatty acid and macronutrient composition: a Saudi cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- The multifaceted roles of fatty acids and their dysregulation in obese mothers: potential implications for infant development.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Review
- Reference Values for Macronutrients in Human Milk: the Mothers, Infants and Lactation Quality (MILQ) Study.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Association Between Maternal Dietary Fatty Acid Intake and Fatty Acid Composition of Placental Phospholipids.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The Associations of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index With Human Milk Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Composition in the Observational Norwegian Human Milk Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Observational
- Variations in Human Milk Metabolites After Gestational Diabetes: Associations with Infant Growth.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Profiling the response of individual gut microbes to free fatty acids (FFAs) found in human milk.Journal of functional foods · 2025Article
- The Impact of Maternal Chronic Inflammatory Conditions on Breast Milk Composition: Possible Influence on Offspring Metabolic Programming.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Effects of Methionine on Milk Performance and Milk Constituents of Lactating Donkeys.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Article
- Quality Assessment of Reconstructed Cow, Camel and Mare Milk Powders by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile of Lactating Women Living in Poland-A Comparison with the Fatty Acid Profile of Selected Infant Formulas.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Effect of Holder Pasteurization, Mode of Delivery, and Infant's Gender on Fatty Acid Composition of Donor Breast Milk.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Association of Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition with Maternal Cardiometabolic Diseases: An Exploratory Prospective Cohort Study.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2024Article
- Determination of the Fatty Acid Profile and Lipid Quality Indices in Selected Infant Formulas.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Effect of Holder Pasteurization and Different Variants on Breast Milk Antioxidants.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gestation and the neonatal period are crucial periods in infant development. Many components of breast milk, including fatty acids, play an important role in strengthening the immune system. The aim of our research was to evaluate the fatty acid profiles of milk from 69 mothers, including subjects having a normal weight, obesity, or gestational diabetes. For the analyses, we used gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID) and GC coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main fatty acids found in breast milk were palmitic acid (C16:0; 26-28%), linoleic acid (C18:2; 23-28%), and α-linolenic acid linoleic acid (C18:3; 15-17%), followed by myristic acid (C14:0; 5-8%), lauric acid (C12:0; 4-6%) and stearic acid (C18:0; 4-5%). The average breakdown of fatty acids was 50% saturated, 44% polyunsaturated, and 6% monounsaturated. Breast milk samples were classified using principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis. Results showed that milk from the two major groups of obese and normal body mass index (BMI) could be distinguished with an accuracy of 89.66%. Breast milk samples of Hungarian and Ukrainian mothers showed significant differences based on the fatty acid composition, which variations are attributable to the mothers' dietary habits.
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