ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Sublingual Vaccination with Live Influenza Virus Induces Better Protection Than Oral Immunization in Mice.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combating respiratory diseases with mucosal vaccines.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Novel vaccine strategies to induce respiratory mucosal immunity: advances and implications.MedComm · 2025Review
- Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on saliva immune barriers: IgA, lysozyme, and lactoferrin.Archives of virology · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Both sublingual (SL) and oral vaccine administration modalities are convenient, easy, and safe. Here, we have investigated the differences in vaccine efficacy that are induced by oral and sublingual immunization with live influenza virus (A/Hong Kong/1/1968, H3N2) in mice. Intranasally administering a lethal dose of the influenza virus resulted in the deaths of the mice, whereas viral replication in the lungs did not occur upon SL or oral administration. At 30 days post-immunization through the SL or oral route, the mice were intranasally challenge-infected with the lethal dose of the homologous influenza virus. Both SL and oral immunizations with the influenza virus elicited significantly higher levels of virus-specific IgG and IgA antibody responses, as well as HAI titers in the sera. Upon challenge infection, the SL immunization elicited higher levels of pulmonary IgG antibody and CD8
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Registered trials
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