ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
The Potential Application of Starch and Walnut Shells as Biofillers for Natural Rubber (NR) Composites.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Amino Acids as Sustainable Alternatives to Allergenic Sulfur Vulcanization Accelerators for Carbon Black-Filled Nitrile Rubber.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparative Study on the Influence of Inorganic Pigments on the Thermomechanical and Combustion Performance of Different Elastomer Composites.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Biomass, Phyto-Ash, and Biochar from Beech Wood as Functional Additives for Natural Rubber-Based Elastomer Composites.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Influence of Plasticizers on Cross-Linking Process, Morphology, and Properties of Lignosulfonate-Filled Rubber Compounds.Polymers · 2025Article
- Elastomeric Biocomposites of Natural Rubber Containing Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Herbal Waste from Filter-Tea Production as Eco-Friendly Ash for Sustainable Natural Rubber Composites.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Silanization of Starch and Its Effect on Cross-Linking and Mechanical, Dynamic, Hydrophobic, and Aging Properties of Polymeric Compositions Containing Natural Rubber.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Alfalfa/Lucerne (Polymers · 2024Article
- Elastomeric Compositions of Ethylene-Norbornene Copolymer Containing Biofillers Based on Coffee and Tea Waste.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Properties of Eco-Friendly Composites Based on Post-Consumer Recycled Resin Filled with Walnut Shell Powder.Polymers · 2023Article
- Epoxy Resin-Based Materials Containing Natural Additives of Plant Origin Dedicated to Rail Transport.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Multifunctional Applications of Ionic Liquids in Polymer Materials: A Brief Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Potential Utilization of Ground Eggshells as a Biofiller for Natural Rubber Biocomposites.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The goal of this study was application of corn starch and ground walnut shells in various amounts by weight as biofillers of natural rubber (NR) biocomposites. Additionally, ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmiCl) and (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES) were used to increase the activity of biofillers and to improve the curing characteristics of NR composites. The effect of biofillers used and their modification with aminosilane or ionic liquid on the curing characteristics of NR composites and their functional properties, including crosslink density, mechanical properties in static and dynamic conditions, hardness, thermal stability and resistance to thermo-oxidative aging were investigated. Starch and ground walnut shells were classified as inactive fillers, which can be used alternatively to commercial inactive fillers, e.g., chalk. BmiCl and APTES were successfully used to support the vulcanization and to improve the dispersion of biofillers in NR elastomer matrix. Vulcanizates with starch, especially those containing APTES and BmiCl, exhibited improved tensile properties due to the higher crosslink density and homogenous dispersion of starch, which resulted from BmiCl addition. NR filled with ground walnut shells demonstrated improved resistance to thermo-oxidative aging. It resulted from lignin present in walnut shells, the components of which belong to polyphenols, that have an antioxidant activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.