SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Adverse Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 378 Randomized Controlled Trials.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and tolerability of the ACE-inhibitor lisinopril among Nigerian adults with HIV: preliminary pilot data from a randomized clinical trial.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Cardiovascular medications and treatment outcomes in multiple myeloma: insights from phase III clinical trials.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- A Cohort Study on Incidence and Factors Associated With Adverse Drug Reactions of Enalapril in Lusaka, Zambia.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Diseases: Exploring Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Medicinal Plant-Based Therapies: A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Evidence-based blood tests for monitoring adults with hypertension in primary care: rapid review, routine data analyses, and consensus study.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Review
- Adverse event of ACE inhibitors: A descriptive analysis of FAERS data.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Isoindolines and Isoindoline-1,3-diones as Nonpeptide ACE Inhibitors: AnACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- A Case of Lisinopril-Induced Hallucinations.Journal of general and family medicine · 2026Article
- Causal knowledge graph analysis identifies adverse drug effects.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- An Optimized Chickpea Protein Hydrolysate Exerts Long-Term Antihypertensive Effects and Upregulates ACE2 and Mas1 Gene Expression in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association Between Polypharmacy and Self-Reported Hearing Disability: An Observational Study Using ATC Classification and HHIE-S-It Questionnaire.Audiology research · 2025Article
- Multiple Drug Intolerance Syndrome and Arterial Hypertension-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Proteomics and bioinformatics guided discovery of microalgal multifunctional peptides for novel nutraceutical applications.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2025Article
- Precision Medicine: Therapeutically Targeting Mitochondrial Alterations in Heart Failure.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2025Review
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- The Role of Microbial Exopolysaccharides in Preventing and Treating Cardiovascular Diseases.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Captopril attenuates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation implicated in cisplatin-induced cognitive deficits in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Astragalus Mongholicus Polysaccharides Alleviate Kidney Injury in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Through Modulation of Oxidation, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are among the most-prescribed medications in the world, the extent to which they increase the risk of adverse effects remains uncertain. This study aimed to systematically determine the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors versus placebo across a wide range of therapeutic settings. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing an ACE inhibitor to a placebo were retrieved. The relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were utilized as a summary effect measure. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled-effect estimates. Results: A total of 378 RCTs fulfilled the eligibility criteria, with 257 RCTs included in the meta-analysis. Compared with a placebo, ACE inhibitors were associated with an significantly increased risk of dry cough (RR = 2.66, 95% CI = 2.20 to 3.20, p < 0.001), hypotension (RR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.66 to 2.35, p < 0.001), dizziness (RR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.26 to 1.70, p < 0.001), and hyperkalemia (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.52, p = 0.037). The risk difference was quantified to be 0.037, 0.030, 0.017, and 0.009, respectively. Conclusions: We quantified the relative risk of numerous adverse events associated with the use of ACE inhibitors in a variety of demographics. This information can help healthcare providers be fully informed about any potential adverse consequences and make appropriate suggestions for their patients requiring ACE inhibitor therapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.