SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Risk Factors of Flatfoot in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Complications of calcaneo-stop procedure in pediatric flexible flatfoot: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B · 2026Pooled it
- A 12-week afterschool game-based physical activity program improves physical fitness of 9-10-year-old children: a randomized controlled study.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Flatfoot and artificial intelligence: Can language models be trusted for patient education?Medicine · 2026Article
- High prevalence of pes planus in children with Fontan circulation.International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease · 2026Article
- Grice Arthrodesis and Arthroereisis in the Surgical Management of Pediatric Flatfoot: Radiological Outcomes and Limitations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- School-based screening for scoliosis and foot biomechanical abnormalities: a study of prevalence, plantar pressure, and gait among adolescents in Haidian District, Beijing.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Treatment of pediatric flatfoot: a systematic review-based consensus and guidelines by CPAM-LRC.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Body mass index is positively associated with flatfoot and inversely associated with hindfoot valgus in school-aged children: a cross-sectional analysis of 3,292 screening records.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Subtalar Arthroereisis with Calcaneus Stop Screws-Can the Angles on Pre- and Post-Surgical X-Ray Images Be Reliably Measured by Artificial Intelligence?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Chronic Implications of Bilateral Foot Pattern Variability in Schoolchildren.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The association between foot morphological development and bone maturation in children: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- The Influence of Myofascial Techniques on the Range of Motion and Flat Foot Efficiency in Adults with Symptomatic Flat Foot: A Controlled Randomised Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Forefoot Centre of Pressure Patterns in Black Male African Recreational Runners with Pes Planus.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of flatfoot and gender differences in plantar pressure among third-year high school students in Tongzhou district Beijing.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- A retrospective cohort study comparing the therapeutic efficacy of three surgical interventions for pediatric flexible flatfoot.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- HyProCure for Flatfoot Deformity: A Clinical Characteristics Analysis in China.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Article
- Postural deficiencies prevalence and correlation with foot conditions, body composition, and coordination, in Romanian preadolescents children: descriptive observational study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Risk factors and postoperative comfort nursing in adolescents with flatfoot complicated by idiopathic scoliosis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Prevalence and modifiable risk factors for pediatric flatfoot among schoolchildren in Kunming and Kandahar: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to explore the risk factors for flatfoot in children and adolescents to provide a reference basis for studying foot growth and development in children and adolescents. Methods: We examined the cross-sectional research literature regarding flatfoot in children and adolescents published in the past 20 years, from 2001 to 2021, in four electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library. Two researchers independently searched the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and evaluated the literature quality of the selected research; from this, a total of 20 articles were included in our review. After the relevant data were extracted, the data were reviewed using Manager 5.4 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark), and the detection rate and risk factors for flatfoot in children were analyzed. Results: In total, 3602 children with flatfoot from 15 studies were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis results showed that being male (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.62, p = 0.005), being aged <9 years (age <6, OR = 3.11, 95% CI: 2.47, 3.90, p < 0.001; age 6−9 years, OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.70, p < 0.001), joint relaxation (OR = 4.82, 95% CI: 1.19, 19.41, p = 0.03), wearing sports shoes (OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.46, 6.03, p = 0.003), being a child living in an urban environment (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.66, 2.64, p < 0.001) and doing less exercise (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.80, p = 0.02) were risk factors for the detection of flatfoot. Conclusion: In summary, the detection rate of flatfoot in children in the past 20 years was found to be 25% through a meta-analysis. Among the children included, boys were more prone to flatfoot than girls, and the proportion of flatfoot decreased with age.
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