ReviewHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Changes in the Epidemiology of Diabetic Retinopathy in Spain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Primary Care Real Practice: Study Procedures and Baseline Characteristics from the RETINAvalid Project.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Validation of artificial intelligence algorithm LuxIA for screening of diabetic retinopathy from a single 45° retinal colour fundus images: the CARDS study.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Visual impairment and blindness in diabetic retinopathy.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2025Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Andalusian program for early detection of diabetic retinopathy: a population-based study.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2025Article
- Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Study Using Real-World Data.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Two Handheld Retinograph Devices Evaluated by Ophthalmologists and an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- [Evaluation of the management and follow-up of diabetic patients in the prevention of diabetic retinopathy].Revista espanola de salud publica · 2024Observational
- Present and future screening programs for diabetic retinopathy: a narrative review.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2024Review
- Diabetic retinopathy as the leading cause of blindness and early predictor of cascading complications-risks and mitigation.The EPMA journal · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its changes in the last 20 years in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Spain.
methodsA systematic review with a meta-analysis was carried out on the studies published between 2001-2020 on the prevalence and incidence of DR and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) in Spain. The articles included were selected from four databases and publications of the Spanish Ministry of Health and Regional Health Care System (RHCS). The meta-analysis to determine heterogeneity and bias between studies was carried out with the MetaXL 4.0.
resultsSince 2001, we have observed an increase in the detection of patients with DM, and at the same time, screening programs for RD have been launched; thus, we can deduce that the increase in the detection of patients with DM, many of them in the initial phases, far exceeds the increased detection of patients with DR. The prevalence of DR was higher between 2001 and 2008 with values of 28.85%. These values decreased over the following period between 2009 and 2020 with a mean of 15.28%. Similarly the STDR prevalence decrease from 3.67% to 1.92% after 2008. The analysis of the longitudinal studies determined that the annual DR incidence was 3.83%, and the STDR annual incidence was 0.41%.
conclusionIn Spain, for T2DM, the current prevalence of DR is 15.28% and 1.92% forSTDR. The annual incidence of DR is 3.83% and is 0.41% for STDR.
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Registered trials
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