ReviewBiomedicines2022
Insulin Resistance in Peripheral Tissues and the Brain: A Tale of Two Sites.
Review in Biomedicines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetes, prediabetes, and mild cognitive impairment among older adults: the Hitachi Health Study II.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Brain: Exploring the Expanding Role and Safety in Neuropsychiatry.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Glucose-driven intra- and inter-islet beta cell synchronization in pancreatic tissue slices.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Acute peripheral versus central inhibition of insulin receptors differentially alters cytokine and blood-brain barrier responses to an inflammatory stimulus.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Hypothesis: Nutrient Off-Loading and Ectopic Fat Reduction Reverse Insulin Resistance and Improve Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation and insulin resistance in major depression and bipolar disorder: Implications for clinical trials evaluating immunometabolic targeted therapies.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Association of the single point insulin sensitivity estimator index with functional outcomes and hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Expanding the understanding of insulin resistance in brain and periphery.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026Review
- Awareness and best practices in using ketogenic therapy to treat serious mental illness: a modified Delphi consensus.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Application of diffusion tensor imaging analysis along perivascular spaces in evaluating glymphatic system function in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- MicroRNA cargo in neuron-derived vesicles as peripheral biomarkers of brain insulin dysregulation.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Neurotransmitter Alterations in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Tirzepatide: a novel therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Beta cells to brain cells: The pivotal role of insulin and glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2025Review
- Article
- BACE1 at the crossroads of a vicious circle between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in dementia · 2025Review
- Review of Associations of Diabetes and Insulin Resistance With Brain Health in Three Harmonised Cohort Studies of Ageing and Dementia.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2025Review
- Brain endothelial cell activation and dysfunction associate with and contribute to the development of enlarged perivascular spaces and cerebral small vessel disease.Histology and histopathology · 2024Review
- PTPRJ is a negative regulator of insulin signaling in neuronal cells, impacting protein biosynthesis, and neurite outgrowth.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- APOE ɛ4 and Insulin Resistance Influence Path-Integration-Based Navigation through Distinct Large-Scale Network Mechanisms.Aging and disease · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The concept of insulin resistance has been around since a few decades after the discovery of insulin itself. To allude to the classic Charles Dicken's novel published 62 years before the discovery of insulin, in some ways, this is the best of times, as the concept of insulin resistance has expanded to include the brain, with the realization that insulin has a life beyond the regulation of glucose. In other ways, it is the worst of times as insulin resistance is implicated in devastating diseases, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) that affect the brain. Peripheral insulin resistance affects nearly a quarter of the United States population in adults over age 20. More recently, it has been implicated in AD, with the degree of brain insulin resistance correlating with cognitive decline. This has led to the investigation of brain or central nervous system (CNS) insulin resistance and the question of the relation between CNS and peripheral insulin resistance. While both may involve dysregulated insulin signaling, the two conditions are not identical and not always interlinked. In this review, we compare and contrast the similarities and differences between peripheral and CNS insulin resistance. We also discuss how an apolipoprotein involved in insulin signaling and related to AD, apolipoprotein E (apoE), has distinct pools in the periphery and CNS and can indirectly affect each system. As these systems are both separated but also linked via the blood-brain barrier (BBB), we discuss the role of the BBB in mediating some of the connections between insulin resistance in the brain and in the peripheral tissues.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.