Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35884096›Full record

ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Self-Medication as an Important Risk Factor for Antibiotic Resistance: A Multi-Institutional Survey among Students.

Shah Zeb, Mariam Mushtaq, Muneeb Ahmad, Waqas Saleem, Ali A Rabaan, Bibi Salma Zahid Naqvi, Mohammed Garout, Mohammed Aljeldah, Basim R Al Shammari, Nehad J Al Faraj and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Shah ZebDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Science, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan.
Mariam MushtaqDepartment of Medical Education, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Muneeb AhmadDepartment of Medical Education, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan.
Waqas SaleemDepartment of Microbiology, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute & Research Center, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Ali A RabaanMolecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia.
Bibi Salma Zahid NaqviDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Science, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan.
Mohammed GaroutDepartment of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed AljeldahDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-5335-2809
Basim R Al ShammariDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-3522-0607
Nehad J Al FarajSpecialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 32654, Saudi Arabia.
Nisreen A Al-ZakiSpecialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 32654, Saudi Arabia.
Mona J Al MarshoodSpecialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 32654, Saudi Arabia.
Thuria Y Al SaffarSpecialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 32654, Saudi Arabia.
Khadija A AlsultanSpecialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 32654, Saudi Arabia.
Shamsah H Al-AhmedSpecialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 32654, Saudi Arabia.
Jeehan H AlestadImmunology and Infectious Microbiology Department, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
Muhammad NaveedDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-4333-8226
Naveed AhmedDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-1504-1705

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Self-medication is an important issue, especially in developing countries. Self-medication is the concept in which individuals use medicine to ease and manage their minor illnesses. The current survey was designed to conduct interviews at different universities based on the availability of the students from August 2021 to October 2021 in Hazara region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. Overall, 1250 questionnaires were distributed to students from various departments. Students of microbiology (

Indexed as

antibiotic knowledgeantimicrobial stewardshiphealth belief modelPakistanself-medication

Identifiers

PMID35884096
PMCPMC9312266

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.