ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2022
Next-generation smart watches to estimate whole-body composition using bioimpedance analysis: accuracy and precision in a diverse, multiethnic sample.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Consumer Smartwatch Technology in Health and Performance Research: Validity, Limitations, and Real-World Applications.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Methodological standards for body composition assessment-an expert-endorsed guide for research and clinical applications: bioimpedance, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computerized tomography, and ultrasound methods.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Review
- Advancing sarcopenia assessment with wearable and app-based technology: a scoping review.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- Muscle mass in critically ill patients: analysis using ultrasound, traditional bioelectrical impedance analysis, and wearable devices: a prospective observational study.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Personalized Machine Learning Intervention to Improve Sleep Quality Using Wearable Technology in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults From Mexico City: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- An in-home engagement and usability study of GeRI: an open-source platform for remote symptom assessment and wearable activity monitoring in men with prostate cancer.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Advancing Precision Diagnosis of Sarcopenic Obesity Through Digital Technologies, Wearables and Omics Data.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Wearable Bioelectronics for Home-Based Monitoring and Treatment of Muscle Atrophy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Examining Classic Bioimpedance Vector Patterns Between BMI Classifications Among Community-Dwelling Older Women.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Critical Role of Body Composition Assessment in Advancing Research and Clinical Health Risk Assessment across the Lifespan.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Fat-Free Mass: Friend or Foe to Metabolic Health?Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Review
- Updates on Methods for Body Composition Analysis: Implications for Clinical Practice.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Wearables for health monitoring: body composition estimates of commercial smartwatch and clinical bioelectrical impedance device.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Trunk-to-leg volume and appendicular lean mass from a commercial 3-dimensional optical body scanner for disease risk identification.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2024Article
- iEat: automatic wearable dietary monitoring with bio-impedance sensing.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Evaluation of body shape as a human body composition assessment in isolated conditions and remote environments.NPJ microgravity · 2024Article
- The effect of postural orientation on body composition and total body water estimates produced by smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis: an intra- and inter-device evaluation.Journal of electrical bioimpedance · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNovel advancements in wearable technologies include continuous measurement of body composition via smart watches. The accuracy and stability of these devices are unknown.
objectivesThis study evaluated smart watches with integrated bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) sensors for their ability to measure and monitor changes in body composition.
methodsParticipants recruited across BMIs received duplicate body composition measures using 2 wearable bioelectrical impedance analysis (W-BIA) model smart watches in sitting and standing positions, and multiple versions of each watch were used to evaluate inter- and intramodel precision. Duplicate laboratory-grade octapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis (8-BIA) and criterion DXA scans were acquired to compare estimates between the watches and laboratory methods. Test-retest precision and least significant changes assessed the ability to monitor changes in body composition.
resultsOf 109 participants recruited, 75 subjects completed the full manufacturer-recommended protocol. No significant differences were observed between W-BIA watches in position or between watch models. Significant fat-free mass (FFM) differences (P < 0.05) were observed between both W-BIA and 8-BIA when compared to DXA, though the systematic biases to the criterion were correctable. No significant difference was observed between the W-BIA and the laboratory-grade BIA technology for FFM (55.3 ± 14.5 kg for W-BIA versus 56.0 ± 13.8 kg for 8-BIA; P > 0.05; Lin's concordance correlation coefficient = 0.97). FFM was less precise on the watches than DXA {CV, 0.7% [root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.4 kg] versus 1.3% (RMSE = 0.7 kg) for W-BIA}, requiring more repeat measures to equal the same confidence in body composition changes over time as DXA.
conclusionsAfter systematic correction, smart-watch BIA devices are capable of stable, reliable, and accurate body composition measurements, with precision comparable to but lower than that of laboratory measures. These devices allow for measurement in environments not accessible to laboratory systems, such as homes, training centers, and geographically remote locations.
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