ArticleBMC infectious diseases2022
A retrospective cross sectional study assessing factors associated with retention and non-viral suppression among HIV positive FSWs receiving antiretroviral therapy from primary health care facilities in Kampala, Uganda.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of retention and disengagement after initiation on antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle-income countries after the introduction of Universal Test and Treat policies.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Pooled it
- Women engaged in commercial sex living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and viral non-suppression in Uganda: analysis of multiple respondent-driven sampling surveys, 2021-2023.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Fine and gray competing risk regression model of predictors of loss to follow up among female sex workers receiving antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria: 2016-2022.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Visit-level prediction of missed HIV appointments using machine learning and transformer-based models in Uganda.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Viral suppression among patients in HIV/AIDS care at healthcare facilities in Ethiopia: Same-day antiretroviral initiation.PloS one · 2025Article
- Differentiated HIV service delivery model for female sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Factors Associated With Long-term Retention in Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living With HIV: Evidence From a Tertiary Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2024Article
- Estimating the mortality risk correcting for high loss to follow-up among female sex workers with HIV in Durban, South Africa, 2018-2021.Annals of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV service delivery and viral suppression: Findings from the SHARP program in Northern Nigeria.PloS one · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPatient retention in care and sustained viral load suppression are a cornerstone to improved health and quality of life, among people living with HIV. However, challenges of retention on ART remain among female sex workers (FSWs). We report lost to follow up (LTFU), viral load suppression, and the associated factors among FSWs that access HIV treatment at primary health care facilities in Kampala.
methodsWe retrospectively abstracted and analysed patient management data of HIV positive FSWs who enrolled in care between January 2018 to December 2020. LTFU was defined as failure of a FSW to return for treatment at least 90 days from the date of their last clinic appointment. We defined viral suppression as having a last viral load of ≤ 1000 copies/ml preceding data abstraction. Data were analysed using Stata 15.1 software.
resultsA total of 275 FSWs were included in our study sample. We found low retention of 85.1% (n = 234) at six months, corresponding to LTFU of 14.9 (n = 41) within the same period. Retention decreased with duration of being in care up to 73.5% (n = 202) at 24 months, and this translates to LTFU of 26.5% (n = 73). Viral load testing coverage was 62% (n = 132) and of these, 90.9% (n = 120) were virally suppressed. Factors associated with LTFU in univariable logistic regression; and viral load suppression in multivariable logistic regression models were; having a telephone contact (OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9 p = 0.031), having enrolled in HIV care aged ≥ 35 years (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2-1.0 p = 0.048), (OR:0.03, 95%CI: 0.00-0.5, p = 0.016); and having good ART adherence (OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.5 p = 0.001), (OR:24.0, 95% CI: 3.7-153.4 p = 0.001) respectively. Having good ART adherence remained statistically significant (OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.08-0.53 p = 0.001) in multivariable logistic regression for LTFU.
conclusionThis study found low retention among HIV diagnosed FSWs in care. Viral load suppression was acceptable and comparable to that of the general population, however viral load coverage was low. Strategies that increase retention in care and access to viral load testing such as individual client centred care models are vital to improve retention and viral load coverage among FSWs.
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