ArticleBMJ open2022
Smoking in social housing among adults in England, 2015-2020: a nationally representative survey.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between housing tenure and unscheduled hospital use in people of working age with multiple physical and mental long-term conditions: a retrospective cohort study using linked data from London.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Smoking and Quitting Behaviors by Different Indicators of Socioeconomic Position in England: A Population Study, 2014 to 2023.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Patterns of disparity: age and socioeconomic differences in women's smoking and quitting outcomes in Great Britain.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Patterns and perceptions of vaping among adults living in social housing: a representative survey in Great Britain, 2023.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Bringing the voice of social housing tenants into shaping the health and care research agenda.Research involvement and engagement · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo analyse associations between living in social housing and smoking in England and to evaluate progress towards reducing disparities in smoking prevalence among residents of social housing compared with other housing types.
designCross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data collected between January 2015 and February 2020.
settingEngland.
participants105 562 adults (≥16 years). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Linear and logistic regression were used to analyse associations between living in social housing (vs other housing types) and smoking status, cigarettes per day, time to first cigarette, exposure to others' smoking, motivation to stop smoking, quit attempts and use of cessation support. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, social grade, region and year.
resultsAdults living in social housing had two times the odds of being a smoker (OR
conclusionsThere remain stark inequalities in smoking and quitting behaviour by housing tenure in England, with declines in prevalence stalling between 2015 and 2020 despite progress in the rest of the population. In the absence of targeted interventions to boost quitting among social housing residents, inequalities in health are likely to worsen.
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Registered trials
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