GuidelineNeuropediatrics2022
Treatment of Infantile Spasm Syndrome: Update from the Interdisciplinary Guideline Committee Coordinated by the German-Speaking Society of Neuropediatrics.
Guideline in Neuropediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of the Ketogenic Diet Therapy and ACTH as Second Treatments in Drug-Resistant Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Combination Therapy With Vigabatrin and Prednisolone Versus Vigabatrin Alone for Infantile Spasms.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Trial
- Management of Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome: A survey of US pediatric hospitals.Epilepsia open · 2026Article
- Pediatric epilepsy surgery: Global survey of referral and presurgical evaluation practices.Epilepsia · 2026Article
- Long-term outcome in children with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome: a multicenter retrospective study in Korea.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2026Article
- Factors influencing adverse reactions to adrenocorticotropic hormone treatment in infantile epileptic spasm syndrome: a single-center retrospective study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- One Size Does Not Fit All: Novel Individualized Use of Dexamethasone in Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome.Neurology and therapy · 2025Article
- The multiple hit model of infantile and epileptic spasms: The 2025 update.Epilepsia open · 2025Article
- Is Vitamin B6 a Precision Therapy for Neonatal Seizures?Neurology international · 2025Review
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone combined with vigabatrin as a second-line therapy for West syndrome.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2025Article
- CMTS-GNN: a cross-modal temporal-spectral graph neural network with cognitive network explainability.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Treatment efficacy for infantile epileptic spasms syndrome in children with trisomy 21.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Diet and Nutrients in Rare Neurological Disorders: Biological, Biochemical, and Pathophysiological Evidence.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Initial combination versus early sequential standard therapies for Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome-Feedback from stakeholders.Epilepsia open · 2024Article
- Treatment modalities for infantile spasms: current considerations and evolving strategies in clinical practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Epilepsy Phenotypes of Vitamin B6-Dependent Diseases: An Updated Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Long-term outcomes of infantile spasms in children treated with ketogenic diet therapy in combination with anti-seizure medications in a resource-limited region.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe manuscript serves as an update on the current management practices for infantile spasm syndrome (ISS). It includes a detailed summary of the level of current evidence of different treatment options for ISS and gives recommendations for the treatment and care of patients with ISS.
methodsA literature search was performed using the Cochrane and Medline Databases (2014 to July 2020). All studies were objectively rated using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. For recommendations, the evidence from these studies was combined with the evidence from studies used in the 2014 guideline. RECOMMENDATIONS: If ISS is suspected, electroencephalography (EEG) should be performed within a few days and, if confirmed, treatment should be initiated immediately. Response to first-line treatment should be evaluated clinically and electroencephalographically after 14 days. The preferred first-line treatment for ISS consists of either hormone-based monotherapy (AdrenoCorticoTropic Hormone [ACTH] or prednisolone) or a combination of hormone and vigabatrin. Children with tuberous sclerosis complex and those with contraindications against hormone treatment should be treated with vigabatrin. If first-line drugs are ineffective, second-line treatment options such as ketogenic dietary therapies, sulthiame, topiramate, valproate, zonisamide, or benzodiazepines should be considered. Children refractory to drug therapy should be evaluated early for epilepsy surgery, especially if focal brain lesions are present. Parents should be informed about the disease, the efficacy and adverse effects of the medication, and support options for the family. Regular follow-up controls are recommended.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.