ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2022
The role of CFA/I in adherence and toxin delivery by ETEC expressing multiple colonization factors in the human enteroid model.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging and Underdetected Colonization Factors in EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- One Health Perspective on the EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- ETEC biofilms are regulated by magnesium and lactate bioavailability.Infection and immunity · 2025Article
- Intestinal organoid models as tools to interrogate the physiology of human mucosal tissues and host-microbe interactions.mSphere · 2025Review
- Functional Compound Bioaccessibility and Microbial Viability in Green and Black Tea Kombucha During Simulated Digestion.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genome Sequencing and Assembly of EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Article
- Nutrition strategies to control post-weaning diarrhea of piglets: From the perspective of feeds.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2024Review
- Advancements in understanding bacterial enteritis pathogenesis through organoids.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- The role of the minor colonization factor CS14 in adherence to intestinal cell models by geographically diverse ETEC isolates.mSphere · 2023Article
- Human intestinal organoids as models to study enteric bacteria and viruses.Current opinion in microbiology · 2023Review
- Three structural solutions for bacterial adhesion pilus stability and superelasticity.Structure (London, England : 1993) · 2023Article
- Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused byOpen life sciences · 2023Article
- Feasibility of avian antibodies as prophylaxis against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli colonization.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a primary causative agent of diarrhea in travelers and young children in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs). ETEC adhere to intestinal epithelia via colonization factors (CFs) and secrete heat-stable toxin (ST) and/or heat-labile toxin (LT), causing dysregulated cellular ion transport and water secretion. ETEC isolates often harbor genes encoding more than one CF that are targets as vaccine antigens. CFA/I is a major CF that is associated with ETEC that causes moderate-to-severe diarrhea and plays an important role in pathogenesis. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study finding that 78% of CFA/I-expressing ETEC also encode the minor CF CS21 prompted investigation of the combined role of these two CFs. Western blots and electron microscopy demonstrated growth media-dependent and strain-dependent differences in CFA/I and CS21 expression. The critical role of CFA/I in adherence by ETEC strains expressing CFA/I and CS21 was demonstrated using the human enteroid model and a series of CFA/I- and CS21-specific mutants. Furthermore, only anti-CFA/I antibodies inhibited adherence by global ETEC isolates expressing CFA/I and CS21. Delivery of ST and resulting cGMP secretion was measured in supernatants from infected enteroid monolayers, and strain-specific ST delivery and time-dependent cGMP production was observed. Interestingly, cGMP levels were similar across wildtype and CF-deficient strains, reflecting a limitation of this static aerobic infection model. Despite adherence by ETEC and delivery of ST, the enteroid monolayer integrity was not disrupted, as shown by the lack of decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and the lack of IL-8 cytokines produced during infection. Taken together, these data demonstrate that targeting CFA/I in global clinical CFA/I-CS21 strains is sufficient for adherence inhibition, supporting a vaccine strategy that focuses on blocking major CFs. In addition, the human enteroid model has significant utility for the study of ETEC pathogenesis and evaluation of vaccine-induced functional antibody responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.