Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35881199›Full record

Trial reportGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2023

Tobacco effects on ocular surface, meibomian glands, and corneal epithelium and the benefits of treatment with a lipid-based lubricant.

Ana Rita Carreira, Sandra Rodrigues-Barros, Júlia Cunha Silva, Matilde Ferreira de Almeida, Inês Machado, João Nobre Cardoso, Nuno Campos

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ana Rita CarreiraOphthalmology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E, Avenida Torrado da Silva, 2805-267, Almada, Portugal. arcarreira_28@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-2756
Sandra Rodrigues-BarrosOphthalmology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E, Avenida Torrado da Silva, 2805-267, Almada, Portugal.
Júlia Cunha SilvaPneumology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E, Avenida Torrado da Silva, 2805-267, Almada, Portugal.
Matilde Ferreira de AlmeidaPneumology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E, Avenida Torrado da Silva, 2805-267, Almada, Portugal.
Inês MachadoOphthalmology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E, Avenida Torrado da Silva, 2805-267, Almada, Portugal.
João Nobre CardosoOphthalmology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E, Avenida Torrado da Silva, 2805-267, Almada, Portugal.
Nuno CamposOphthalmology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E, Avenida Torrado da Silva, 2805-267, Almada, Portugal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeOur aim was to evaluate the ocular surface in chronic smokers and to assess the benefit of sodium hyaluronate (SH) versus semi-fluorinated alkane (SFA) eyedrops on tear film, meibomian glands, and corneal epithelial thickness (CET).

methodsThis prospective randomized single-blinded study included smokers, who applied one eyedrop of Hyabak® on one eye (SH group) and one eyedrop of EvoTears® on the fellow eye (SFA group) 4 times daily for 2 months, and age-matched non-smokers. Ocular surface parameters, including tear film break-up time (TBUT) test and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score, lipid layer thickness (LLT), meibography (LipiView®), and CET measurements (Zeiss Cirrus HD-5000®), were assessed at baseline and after treatment.

resultsSeventy-eight eyes were included in the smokers group (39 in the SH subgroup and 39 in the SFA subgroup) and 42 eyes in the control group. At baseline, the smokers group had a higher prevalence of dry eye (100% vs 0%, p < 0.001) and of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and lower CET measurements than controls (p < 0.05). TBUT, CFS, and LLT (controls vs SFA group: 64.02 ± 1.87 nm vs 49.56 ± 4.33 nm, p = 0.05) improved in the SFA subgroup after treatment, but not in the SH subgroup, and became equivalent to those of controls. Prevalence of dry eye decreased in the smokers group after treatment (controls vs SH group vs SFA group: 0% vs 12.82% vs 16.26%, p > 0.05). Meibomian gland morphological parameters and CET did not improve after treatment (p < 0.05).

conclusionsSmoking is associated with dry eye, MGD, and corneal epithelial thinning that seem to be only partially reversible with topical lubricants, preferably SFA.

Indexed as

Dry Eye SyndromesEpithelium, CornealMeibomian Gland DysfunctionHumansLipidsMeibomian GlandsNicotianaProspective StudiesTearsLipidsArtificial tear treatmentCorneal epithelial thinningLipid layer thicknessMeibomian gland dysfunctionOcular surface inflammationSmoking

Identifiers

PMID35881199

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.