ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2022
The molecular epidemiology of multiple zoonotic origins of SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 117 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Community Engagement Within the Evaluation of Public Policies for Zoonotic Spillover Prevention: A Secondary Matrix Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Near complete genome sequences from Southern Vietnam revealed local features of genetic diversity and intergenerational changes in SARS- CoV-2 variants in 2020-2021.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- A multiregional serosurvey of RNA virus-reactive antibodies in bats and rodents reveals the enzootic presence of flavi- and paramyxoviruses in African Pteropodidae.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- A deep learning-based score to evaluate multiple sequence alignments.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Broad-spectrum CRISPR-Cas13d-mediated strategy for combating human coronaviruses.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Article
- VENOMventure, an Immersive Escape-Style Game, Teaches Families the Foundations of Phylogenetics.CBE life sciences education · 2026Article
- Temporal and gene-specific dynamics of codon usage evolution in SARS-CoV-2 genomes.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Biological causes and impacts of rugged tree landscapes in phylodynamic inference.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- AI-guided epitope engineering of a SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen for broad sarbecovirus neutralization.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 caused infection in farmed minks: continuous surveillance of an 11-month outbreak at the largest Latvian mink farm.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Functional Genomic Evidence for Candidate Small Viral RNA-Mediated Epigenetic Interference in SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 variants: biology, pathogenicity, immunity and control.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Review
- BEAST X for Bayesian phylogenetic, phylogeographic and phylodynamic inference.Nature methods · 2025Article
- On Rooting and Dating Viral Trees With a Changing Evolutionary Rate Following Host-Switching.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: structure, viral entry and variants.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Diet composition affects bat viral shedding with potential consequences for pathogen spillover.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- The recency and geographical origins of the bat viruses ancestral to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.Cell · 2025Article
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
29 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Understanding the circumstances that lead to pandemics is important for their prevention. We analyzed the genomic diversity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We show that SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity before February 2020 likely comprised only two distinct viral lineages, denoted "A" and "B." Phylodynamic rooting methods, coupled with epidemic simulations, reveal that these lineages were the result of at least two separate cross-species transmission events into humans. The first zoonotic transmission likely involved lineage B viruses around 18 November 2019 (23 October to 8 December), and the separate introduction of lineage A likely occurred within weeks of this event. These findings indicate that it is unlikely that SARS-CoV-2 circulated widely in humans before November 2019 and define the narrow window between when SARS-CoV-2 first jumped into humans and when the first cases of COVID-19 were reported. As with other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 emergence likely resulted from multiple zoonotic events.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.