ArticleTranslational behavioral medicine2022
Payment strategies for behavioral health integration in hospital-affiliated and non-hospital-affiliated primary care practices.
Article in Translational behavioral medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effectiveness of nurse practitioner care for patients with mental health conditions in primary care settings: A systematic review.Nursing outlookPooled it
- Intervention Stage Completion and Behavioral Health Outcomes: An Integrated Behavioral Health and Primary Care Randomized Pragmatic Trial.Annals of family medicine · 2025Trial
- Blended Payment Models and Care Transitions: Analysis of a Statewide Payment Reform's Impact on Transitions in Care and Care Termination From Outpatient Substance Use Treatment.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Behavioral Health in Independently Owned Family Medicine Practices.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM · 2026Article
- Application of mathematical models on efficiency evaluation and intervention of medical institutions in China.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Effects of intervention stage completion in an integrated behavioral health and primary care randomized pragmatic intervention trial.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Integrated Behavioral Health in Primary Care Residency and Nonresidency Practices.Family medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent value-based payment reforms in the U.S. called for empirical data on how primary care practices of varying characteristics fund their integrated behavioral health services. To describe payment strategies used by U.S. primary care practices to fund behavioral health integration and compare strategies between practices with and without hospital affiliation.Baseline data were used and collected from 44 practices participating in a cluster-randomized, pragmatic trial of behavioral health integration. Data included practice characteristics and payment strategies-fee-for-service payment, pay-for-performance incentives, grants, and graduate medical education funds. Descriptive and comparative analyses using Fisher's exact tests and independent T-tests were conducted. The sample had 26 (59.1%) hospital-affiliated (hospital/health system-owned, academic medical centers and hospital-affiliated practices) and 18 (40.9%) non-hospital-affiliated practices (community health centers/federally qualified health centers and privately-owned practices). Most practices (88.6%) received payments through fee-for-service; 63.6% received pay-for-performance incentives; 31.8% received grant funds. Collaborative Care Management billing (CPT) codes were used in six (13.6%) practices. Over half (53.8%) of hospital-affiliated practices funded their behavioral health services through fee-for-service and pay-for-performance incentives only, as opposed to two-thirds (66.7%) of non-hospital-affiliated practices required additional support from grants and/or general medical education funds. Primary care practices support behavioral health integration through diverse payment strategies. More hospital-affiliated practices compared to non-hospital-affiliated practices funded integrated behavioral health services through fee-for-service and pay-for-performance incentives. Practices without hospital affiliation relied on multiple funding streams including grants and/or general medical education funds, suggesting their approach to financial sustainment may be more precarious or challenging, compared to hospital-affiliated practices.
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