ArticleJournal of Korean medical science2022
Etiology and Secular Trends in Primary Amenorrhea in 856 Patients: A 17-Year Retrospective Multicenter Study in Korea.
Article in Journal of Korean medical science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Primary functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea in the context of feeding and eating disorders or excessive exercise: Insights from non-athletic and elite athletic populations.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Aetiology and Clinical Characteristics of Primary Amenorrhoea with Hypothalamic or Pituitary Disorders at a Quaternary Hospital.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2025Article
- The Spectrum of Hypogonadism in Women From Basrah.Cureus · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundThis study was performed to evaluate etiologies and secular trends in primary amenorrhea in South Korea.
methodsThis retrospective multi-center study analyzed 856 women who were diagnosed with primary amenorrhea between 2000 and 2016. Clinical characteristics were compared according to categories of amenorrhea (hypergonadotropic/hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, eugonadism, disorders of sex development) or specific causes of primary amenorrhea. In addition, we assessed secular trends of etiology and developmental status based on the year of diagnosis.
resultsThe most frequent etiology was eugonadism (39.8%). Among specific causes, Müllerian agenesis was most common (26.2%), followed by gonadal dysgenesis (22.4%). Women with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism were more likely to have lower height and weight, compared to other categories. In addition, the proportion of cases with iatrogenic or unknown causes increased significantly in hypergonadotropic hypogonadism category, but overall, no significant secular trends were detected according to etiology. The proportion of anovulation including polycystic ovarian syndrome increased with time, but the change did not reach statistical significance.
conclusionThe results of this study provide useful clinical insight on the etiology and secular trends of primary amenorrhea. Further large-scale, prospective studies are necessary.
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