ReviewFluids and barriers of the CNS2022
Extracellular vesicles through the blood-brain barrier: a review.
Review in Fluids and barriers of the CNS, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 208 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
208 citing papers in PubMed, 253 citations in OpenAlex.
- Base Editing: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Review
- Exosomes in brain diseases: Mechanisms, advances, and perspectives.Bioactive materials · 2027Review
- Renal stress-associated extracellular vesicle signaling linked to lysosomal cathepsin D and NEK7-NLRP3 neuroinflammation.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Advances in Extracellular Vesicle-Based Innovative Drugs Targeting Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Hospital-treated infection associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology: underlying mechanisms.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- A novel extracellular vesicle-engineered immunotherapy drug for Her2Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Osmotic Remodeling of Extracellular Vesicles for Precision Nanomedicine.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles: Classification, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Opportunities.MedComm · 2026Review
- Microglia-derived extracellular vesicle content as a biomarker for early detection of Alzheimer's disease.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and the Evolution of Neural Complexity: Perspectives on Vesicle-Mediated Neuron-Glia Communication.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Optimizing plasma-derived small extracellular vesicle purification to enhance downstream applications.iScience · 2026Article
- Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia: A Comparative Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles for next-gen therapeutics and drug delivery.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Age-Related Insomnia in Rats by Suppressing Neuronal Ferroptosis in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Exercise Intolerance in COPD and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Extracellular Vesicles as Candidate Mediators of a Lung-Muscle Axis.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- TNFα-induced endothelial extracellular vesicles regulate astrocyte function: an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic study.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- The New Spine of Access to the Brain's Secrets: Extracellular Vesicles from Cerebrospinal Fluid Liquid Biopsies in CNS Diseases and Blood-Brain Barrier Research.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Stroke: Drivers of Brain-Body Network Crosstalk.Translational stroke research · 2026Review
- Salivary Extracellular Vesicles: Paradigm Shift in Liquid Biopsy Diagnostics.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Review
- Salivary protein macromolecules as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers linking oral health and neurodegenerative diseases-emerging mechanisms and future perspectives.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
148 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles naturally released from cells that are delimited by a lipid bilayer and are unable to replicate. How the EVs cross the Blood-Brain barrier (BBB) in a bidirectional manner between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma remains poorly understood. Most in vitro models that have evaluated this event have relied on monolayer transwell or microfluidic organ-on-a-chip techniques that do not account for the combined effect of all cellular layers that constitute the BBB at different sites of the Central Nervous System. There has not been direct transcytosis visualization through the BBB in mammals in vivo, and evidence comes from in vivo experiments in zebrafish. Literature is scarce on this topic, and techniques describing the mechanisms of EVs motion through the BBB are inconsistent. This review will focus on in vitro and in vivo methodologies used to evaluate EVs transcytosis, how EVs overcome this fundamental structure, and discuss potential methodological approaches for future analyses to clarify these issues. Understanding how EVs cross the BBB will be essential for their future use as vehicles in pharmacology and therapeutics.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.