ArticleEuropean journal of medical research2022
A retrospective study of estrogen in the pretreatment for medical management of early pregnancy loss and the inference from intrauterine adhesion.
Article in European journal of medical research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- A thiol-rich immunomodulatory injectable hydrogel suppresses endometrial fibrosis to restore fertilization.Science advances · 2026Article
- In Situ Click Chemistry Forming pH/ROS-Responsive and Antifouling Hydrogel to Prevent Intrauterine Adhesion and Restore Fertility.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Unraveling the fibrotic microenvironment in intrauterine adhesions through integrated metabolomics and proteomics.BMC women's health · 2026Article
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6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundEstrogen has been usually used in clinic for medical pretreatment of early pregnancy loss. There was little reported the effect of estrogen combined with prostaglandin analogs in the medical management of early pregnancy loss. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of estrogen pretreatment for medical management of early pregnancy loss and explore the confounding factor of intrauterine adhesion (IUA) on the outcome of medical management.
methodsA total of 226 early pregnancy loss patients who received pretreatment with estradiol valerate and/or mifepristone, followed by carboprost methylate suppositories (study groups), or carboprost methylate suppositories alone (control group) in a regional central institution from March 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively studied. All patients were evaluated by hysteroscopy 6 h after carboprost methylate suppositories use to assess whether the gestational sac was complete expulsion and assess the morphology of uterine cavity.
resultsThe complete expulsion rate was 56.94% in the mifepristone and estradiol valerate-pretreatment group, 20.69% in the estradiol valerate-pretreatment group, 62.5% in the mifepristone-pretreatment group, and 12.5% in the control group. Compared with the control group, pretreatment with estradiol valerate did not increase the complete expulsion rate significantly (P = 0.297), pretreatment with mifepristone increased the complete expulsion rate significantly (P < 0.001). Pretreatment with mifepristone combined with estradiol valerate did not increase the complete expulsion rate significantly comparing with pretreatment with mifepristone (P = 0.222). The data of IUA showed that the complete expulsion rate in patients with IUA was lower than that in those patients without IUA (P < 0.001).
conclusionsPretreatment with estrogen was not a sensible substitute for mifepristone in the medical management of early pregnancy loss. Mifepristone followed by carboprost methylate suppositories was likelihood of the ideal medical scheme in early pregnancy loss. IUA decreased the complete expulsion rate of medical management, it is cautious about medical management for early pregnancy loss with risk of IUA. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2100046503. Date of registration (retrospectively registered): May 18, 2021. Trial registration website: http://www.chictr.org.cn/ .
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