SynthesisPsychonomic bulletin & review2023
The role of valence, arousal, stimulus type, and temporal paradigm in the effect of emotion on time perception: A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Psychonomic bulletin & review, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Affective priming from briefly presented facial expressions: a three-level and network meta-analysis.BMC psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Self-report measures of subjective time: An overview of existing measures and their semantic similarities.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Review
- Beyond calories: the role of media pressure and body appreciation in shaping time perception of food cues in female adolescents.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Emotional pictures and time: The effects of arousal and valence on the perception of duration and the subjective passage of time.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2026Article
- An Operational Framework for Affect-Adjacent Structure in Plant-Environment Interaction.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Subjective time perception in dementia: a behavioural and neuroanatomical analysis.Brain communications · 2026Article
- From self-organizing systems to subjective temporal extension.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2026Article
- Neural Representation of Episodic Time.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Losing Track of Time on TikTok? An Experimental Study of Short Video Users' Time Distortion.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The impact of emotion on temporal prediction ability in different timing contexts.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Left Insula and Right Middle Temporal Gyrus Dominate Cortical Network Discriminating Arousal-dependent Emotions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Understanding How Negative Emotions Affect Hazard Assessment Abilities in Construction: Insights from Wearable EEG and the Moderating Role of Psychological Capital.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Novel Perspectives for Sensory Analysis Applied to Piperaceae and Aromatic Herbs: A Pilot Study.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- The time of your life: mapping the mechanisms behind life tempo judgments.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- When time slows down: temporal distortion and addictive social media use.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Subjective Time in Ordinary and Non-ordinary States of Consciousness: How Interoceptive Feelings Inform Us About the Passage of Time.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- The potential mechanisms underlying the effect of acute alcohol use on duration perception.Addiction biology · 2024Article
- Accuracy of patient-reported spell duration: A comparative study.Epilepsy & behavior : E&B · 2024Article
- The effect of aging and emotions on time processing.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Anecdotal experiences show that the human perception of time is subjective, and changes with one's emotional state. Over the past 25 years, increasing empirical evidence has demonstrated that emotions distort time perception and usually result in overestimation. Yet, some inconsistencies deserve clarification. Specifically, it remains controversial how valence (positive/negative), arousal (high/low), stimulus type (scenic picture/facial expression/word/sound), and temporal paradigm (reproduction/estimation/discrimination) modulate the effect of emotion on time perception. Thus, the current study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to quantify evidence for these moderators. After searching the Web of Science, SpiScholar, and Google Scholar, 95 effect sizes from 31 empirical studies were calculated using Hedges'g. The included studies involved 3,776 participants. The results a highlighted significant moderating effect of valence, arousal, stimulus type, and temporal paradigm. Specifically, negative valence tends to result in overestimation relative to positive valence; the increasing arousal leads to increasing temporal dilating; scenic picture, facial picture, and sound are more effective in inducing distortions than word; the overestimation can be better observed by discrimination and estimation paradigms relative to reproduction paradigms, and estimation paradigm is likely to be the most effective. These results suggest that the effect of emotion on time perception is influenced by valence, arousal, stimulus type, and temporal paradigm. These mitigating factors should be considered by scientists when studying time perception.
Indexed as
Identifiers
35879593What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.