ArticleToxics2022
The Antiepileptic Drug and Toxic Teratogen Valproic Acid Alters Microglia in an Environmental Mouse Model of Autism.
Article in Toxics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroinflammatory Response to Postnatal Administration of Valproic Acid in Wistar Rats as a Mechanism for the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Role of Neutrophils.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- The Effect of Anti-Inflammatory Dimethylmalonic Acid on the Neurobehavioral Phenotype of a Neonatal ASD Model Induced by Antiepileptic Valproic Acid.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Valproic Acid may Alter CD200/CD200R Signaling Pathways in a Rat Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Article
- Integrated analysis of metabolome and microbiome in a mouse model of sodium valproate-induced autism.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Article
- tDCS-induced enhancement of cognitive flexibility in autism: role of frontal lobe and associated neural circuits.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Delving into the Complexity of Valproate-Induced Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Use of Zebrafish Models.Cells · 2024Article
- Three Decades of Valproate: A Current Model for Studying Autism Spectrum Disorder.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate valproate-induced immune stress and social deficiency in rats.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Pan HDACi Valproic Acid and Trichostatin A Show Apparently Contrasting Inflammatory Responses in Cultured J774A.1 Macrophages.Epigenomes · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition affecting approximately 1 in 44 children in North America, is thought to be a connectivity disorder. Valproic acid (VPA) is a multi-target drug widely used to treat epilepsy. It is also a toxic teratogen as well as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and fetal exposure to VPA increases the risk of ASD. While the VPA model has been well-characterized for behavioral and neuronal deficits including hyperconnectivity, microglia, the principal immune cells of CNS that regulate dendrite and synapse formation during early brain development, have not been well-characterized and may provide potential hints regarding the etiology of this disorder. Therefore, in this study, we determined the effect of prenatal exposure to VPA on microglial numbers during early postnatal brain development. We found that prenatal exposure to VPA causes a significant reduction in the number of microglia in the primary motor cortex (PMC) during early postnatal brain development, particularly at postnatal day 6 (P6) and postnatal day 10 (P10) in male mice. The early microglial reduction in the VPA model coincides with active cortical synaptogenesis and is significant because it may potentially play a role in mediating impaired connectivity in ASD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.