ReviewToxins2022
Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Spasmodic Dysphonia in Japan: The History and an Update.
Review in Toxins, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the efficacy and adverse effects of unilateral or bilateral botulinum toxin injections for adductor spasmodic dysphonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Guidelines for the Use of Botulinum Toxin in Otolaryngology From the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics Guideline Task Force.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2023Guideline
- Spasmodic Dysphonia.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2025Review
- Rehabilitation of facial nerve palsy combining neuromuscular retraining and botulinum toxin A injection: a tertiary referral centre experience and a new working protocol proposal.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a rare neurological disorder that impairs phonatory function by triggering involuntary and intermittent contractions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. SD is classified into three types: adductor SD (AdSD), abductor SD (AbSD), and mixed SD. Of these, AdSD accounts for 90-95% of disease; younger females are predominantly affected. Botulinum toxin injection into the laryngeal muscles is safe, minimally invasive, and very effective. Here, we review the history of clinical research for SD conducted in Japan. The first use of botulinum toxin injection therapy to treat SD in Japan was by Kobayashi et al. in 1989. The group developed an objective mora (syllable) method to evaluate SD severity. Recently, we conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial of botulinum toxin therapy for AdSD and an open-label trial for AbSD to obtain the approval of such therapy by the Japanese medical insurance system. The mora method revealed significant voice improvement and the evidence was of high quality. Additionally, a clinical trial of type 2 thyroplasty using titanium bridges confirmed the efficacy and safety of such therapy. These studies broadened the SD treatment options and have significantly benefited patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.