ArticleAnnals of surgical oncology2022
Immune Evasion of Hepatoma Cancer Stem-Like Cells from Natural Killer Cells.
Article in Annals of surgical oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-omics profiling reveals downregulated tumor lysine metabolism reshaping the immune microenvironment and therapeutic responses in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- HIF-1α: A Key Factor Mediating Tumor Cells from Digestive System to Evade NK Cell Killing via Activating Metalloproteinases to Hydrolyze MICA/B.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Targeted silencing of SOCS1 by DNMT1 promotes stemness of human liver cancer stem-like cells.Cancer cell international · 2024Article
- Cancer Stem Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Molecular Mechanisms in Stemness Regulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPoor prognosis in liver cancer is due to its high frequency of intrahepatic metastasis. Cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs), which possess the properties of stemness, tumor initiation capability, and resistance to therapy, also exhibit metastatic potential. Immune surveillance plays an important role in the accomplishment of metastasis. Herein, the property of immune evasion in CSLCs was investigated.
methodsSphere cells were induced as CSLCs using a sphere induction medium containing neural survival factor-1. The expression of genes involved in immune evasion was determined using RNA-sequencing for sphere and parental cells followed by validation using flow cytometric analysis and ELISA. Susceptibility to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity was examined by a chromium release assay. A xenograft model using BALB/c nu/nu mice was used to assess tumor growth. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed for interpreting RNA sequencing.
resultsThe cell surface expressions of PD-L1, PD-L2, and CEACAM1 were upregulated and those of ULBP1 and MICA/MICB were downregulated in SK-sphere, CSLCs derived from SK-HEP-1, compared with that in parental cells. Levels of soluble MICA were elevated in conditioned medium from SK-sphere. Expression of HLA class I was not downregulated in SK-sphere. The susceptibilities to NK cell-mediated killing and secreted perforin were significantly lower in both CSLCs derived from SK-HEP-1 and HLE than in parental cells. Tumors formed upon inoculation of SK-sphere in immunodeficient mice harboring NK cells were larger than those formed upon inoculation of parental cells.
conclusionHuman hepatoma cell line-derived CSLCs may possess immune evasion properties, especially from NK cell-mediated immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.