ArticleJournal of viral hepatitis2022
Anti-HBc-nonreactive occult hepatitis B infections with HBV genotypes B and C in vaccinated immunocompetent adults.
Article in Journal of viral hepatitis, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatitis B virus infection with high HBsAg and undetectable DNA levels in untreated blood donors: Viral mechanisms and transfusion safety implications.Transfusion · 2026Article
- Article
- Blood donor hepatitis B data: An under-recognized surveillance resource in Canada.Canadian liver journal · 2026Article
- Hepatitis B vaccination in Chinese infants (2002-2006, Guangdong): long-term effectiveness in adulthood and biological features of HBV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immunological characterization of hepatitis B core antigen antibody among vaccinated adults lacking hepatitis B surface antigen in ethiopia: A multicenter facility-based study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Occult hepatitis B virus infection: risk for a blood supply, but how about individuals' health?EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- Transfusion-transmitted occult hepatitis B virus infection: current understanding, challenges, and its implication in blood safety.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Hyperendemicity and genotype diversity of hepatitis B virus among patients attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Article
- Hepatitis B Vaccine: Four Decades on.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Establishing a screening strategy for non-discriminatory reactive blood donors by constructing a predictive model of hepatitis B virus infection status from a single blood center in China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen among qualified blood donors in Nanjing, China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Serological and Molecular Characterization of Occult HBV Infection in Blood Donors from South Italy.Viruses · 2023Article
- Article
- Re-Entry Evaluation of Chinese Blood Donors with Unconfirmed Hepatitis B Screening Results.Viruses · 2022Review
- Article
- Anti-HBc-nonreactive occult hepatitis B infections with HBV genotypes B and C in vaccinated immunocompetent adults.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Absence of anti-HBc reactivity with detectable anti-HBs was observed in blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI). The prevalence and mechanisms underlying this uncommon condition were investigated over time in Chinese blood donors with OBI. Isolated anti-HBs OBI status was identified from 466,911 donors from Dalian, China, and monitored in follow-up (range: 2.6-84.3 months). HBV vaccination status was documented, and infecting viral strains were characterized. Of 451 confirmed OBIs (1:1035), 43 (9.5%; 1:10,858) had isolated anti-HBs as only serological marker. Isolated anti-HBs OBIs differed from anti-HBc-reactive OBIs by significantly younger age (median 24 years), higher HBV DNA (median: 20 IU/ml) and anti-HBs (median 60.5 IU/L) levels, paucity of mutations in HBV Core and S proteins, and high vaccination rate (72%). Vaccinated isolated anti-HBs OBIs (n = 31) differed from unvaccinated (n = 11) by significantly younger age (22 vs 38 years), higher anti-HBs level at index (48% vs 9% with anti-HBs >100 IU/L) and higher frequency of anti-HBs immune response (44% vs 20%). Of 15 vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated OBIs follow-up, 65% (8 vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated) became HBV DNA negative suggesting aborted recent infection, while 35% (7 vaccinated) had low persistent viraemia 2 to 65 months post index. In conclusion, isolated anti-HBs OBI in Chinese blood donors appears associated with young, vaccinated, adults exposed to HBV who predominantly develop low level aborted infection revealed by transient HBV DNA and immune anti-HBs response. However, a subset of individuals still experienced low but persistent viral replication whose clinical outcome remains uncertain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.