ArticleAnnals of medicine2022
COVID-19-related fear, stress and depression in school principals: impacts of symptoms like COVID-19, information confusion, health-related activity limitations, working hours, sense of coherence and health literacy.
Article in Annals of medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- School principals' COVID-19 health literacy and its association with mental health: international findings from 11 countries in Europe and Asia.Health promotion international · 2026Article
- Association of school leaders' COVID-19 health literacy with the implementation of health promotion in schools in Germany: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 and related measures on the professional life of school staff based in Switzerland: challenges, strategies, and benefits.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- The relationship between pregnancy stress and antepartum depression in Chinese pregnant women: the mediating effect of social support and maternal health literacy.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Fear of COVID-19 and PTSD: The Protective Function of Problem-Solving Appraisals in Mental Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Predictors of fear of COVID-19 in a low-income country: health literacy is important.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Article
- The Effects of Cognitive Fusion on Depression in Primary School Principals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Psychological Vulnerability and the Moderating Role of Self-Esteem.Psychology research and behavior management · 2023Article
- Work-Related Stress of Polish School Principals during the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Risk Factor for Burnout.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The importance of school leaders in school health promotion. A European call for systematic integration of health in professional development.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study of the Perceived Stress, Well-Being and Their Relations with Work-Related Behaviours among Hong Kong School Leaders during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Perceived Marriage Squeeze and Subjective Well-Being Among Unmarried Rural Men in China: The Mediating Role of Sense of Coherence.American journal of men's healthArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundSchool principals have been reported to have a higher prevalence of burnout and psychological problems than their colleagues. During the pandemic, extra workload and pressure from unprecedented situations potentially cause fear, stress and depression. Therefore, we aimed to explore associated factors of stress, fear of COVID-19 (F-CoV-19S) and depressive symptoms among school principals.
methodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Taiwan from 23 June to 16 July 2021. Data of 413 school principals were collected, including socio-demographic factors, COVID-19-related factors, work-related information, health status, sense of coherence (SoC), health literacy (HL), F-CoV-19S, stress and depression. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were utilized to explore associations.
resultsSchool principals with symptoms like COVID-19 (S-COVID-19-S), or with health-related activity limitations had a higher score of stress (
conclusionsHealth-related activity limitations, S-COVID-19-S, COVID-19-related information confusion and longer working hours were positively associated with at least one mental health problem (e.g. stress, fear and depression), whereas better SoC and HL showed the benefits to mitigate fear, stress and depressive symptoms in school principals. Our study provides evidence for appropriate strategies to improve principals' mental health during the pandemic.Key messages:School principals with health-related activity limitations or with symptoms like COVID-19 were more likely to be stressed and depressed.Higher levels of stress and fear were observed in school principals who confused about COVID-19-related information, and who had longer working time than before the pandemic.Better sense of coherence and higher health literacy could potentially mitigate the fear, stress and depressive symptoms in school principals.
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