ArticleJournal of spine surgery (Hong Kong)2022
Three-dimensional printing versus freehand surgical techniques in the surgical management of adolescent idiopathic spinal deformity.
Article in Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Clinical applications of 3D printing in spine surgery: a systematic review.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Pooled it
- Enabling Technologies for Pedicle Screw Placement in Pediatric Spine Surgery.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2026Review
- Three-dimensional digital design of orthopedic surgery for idiopathic scoliosis deformity: A case series.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Accuracy and cost comparison of 3D-printed guides in complex spinal deformity correction: direct vs indirect design.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Three-Dimensional Printing Applications in Pediatric Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review.Global spine journal · 2024Review
- Patient-specific guide systems decrease the major perforation rate of pedicle screw placement in comparison to the freehand technique for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2023Article
- The expanding use of three-dimensional printing in orthopaedic and spine surgery.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2022Article
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5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printed guides are finding increasing applications in the field of orthopaedic surgery and more recently spine surgery. This retrospective cohort study compares benefits and costs of 3D printed guides in surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) compared to freehand techniques. Methods: Intraoperative screw placement was conducted either with 3D printed guides (3D cohort) or traditional freehand technique (freehand cohort) for AIS patients undergoing spinal fusion at a single institution. Patient and perioperative data include: screw placement time, length of surgery, blood loss, hospital stay, spinal curvature correction, total implant costs and training level of surgical assist. Multivariate analysis assessed for confounding and effect modification. P-values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: There were 29 patients included in analyses, 18 in the 3D and 11 in the freehand (FH) cohort, for a total of 263 3D and 307 freehand screws. Between cohorts, there were no significant differences in patient age (P=0.93), gender (P=0.15), height (P=0.18) or weight (P=0.40). The 3D cohort (mean $26,215, SD =$6,374) had significantly higher implant costs than FH (mean $18,660, SD =$5,587, P=0.003) with significantly reduced intraoperative blood loss (mean 559 mL, SD =273 FH; Conclusions: At significant cost, 3D printed guides reduce intraoperative blood loss compared to freehand pedicle screw placement and reduce screw placement time for surgical residents.
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