ArticleFrontiers in cellular neuroscience2022
Sex-Related Microglial Perturbation Is Related to Mitochondrial Changes in a Model of Alzheimer's Disease.
Article in Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Role of Microglial Cells in the Gut-Brain Axis Communication: A Systematic Review.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and dynamic evolution of microglial glucose metabolic reprogramming in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Six promising drug repurposing candidates for Alzheimer's disease and their sex-specific mechanisms and efficacy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Blood vessel-associated inflammatory microglia and astrocytes are associated with molecular and cellular markers of blood-brain barrier permeability in neonatal mice infected with the respiratory pathogen Bordetella pertussis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Impact of O-GlcNAcylation Elevation on Mitophagy and Glia in the Dentate Gyrus.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Article
- Gender Differences in the Effects of Exercise Interventions on Alzheimer's Disease.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Neonatal infection withiScience · 2025Article
- Inhibiting Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase with 1400W Reduces Soman (GD)-Induced Ferroptosis in Long-Term Epilepsy-Associated Neuropathology: Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlations with Neurobehavior and Brain Pathology.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Sex differences in the relationship between depression and Alzheimer's disease-mechanisms, genetics, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Review
- A case for seeking sex-specific treatments in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Review
- Fundamental Neurochemistry Review: Microglial immunometabolism in traumatic brain injury.Journal of neurochemistry · 2023Review
- Spontaneous early-onset neurodegeneration in the brainstem and spinal cord of NSG, NOG, and NXG mice.Veterinary pathology · 2023Article
- Article
- Sex differences in brain iron deposition and microglial ferritin in Alzheimer's disease.Science progressArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many studies implicate microglia in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but precisely how these cells make their impact has not been determined to date. One contributory factor is likely to be the enhanced production of inflammatory mediators and it is now known that microglia with this secretory phenotype exhibit other adaptations including in their morphology, function, and metabolism. AD, like many neurological disorders, demonstrates a sex bias and recent evidence indicates that the sexual dimorphism in microglial function, which has been recognized for many years in early development, persists into adulthood and aging. Here, we demonstrate sex-related differences in microglia from post mortem tissue of male and female AD patients and a marked increase in the number of dystrophic and rod-shaped microglia in tissue from female AD patients compared with males. Furthermore, there was an increase in iron-laden microglia in tissue from female AD patients and this has been reported to reflect mitochondrial changes. To address this further, we assessed changes in microglia from male and female APP/PS1 mice and demonstrate that iron accumulation in microglia is increased to a greater extent in tissue prepared from females compared with males. This was associated with altered expression of genes coding for proteins that modulate mitochondrial function. The findings suggest that sex-related differences in the severity and perhaps incidence of AD may, at least in part, arise from sexual dimorphism in microglia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.