ArticleCureus2022
Prevalence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in HIV Patients Co-infected or Triple Infected With Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in a Community Hospital in South Bronx.
Article in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Concordance of cancer-associated cytokines and mitochondrial DNA deletions in individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma and people living with HIV in Ghana.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy of Oncovirus-Induced Cancers: A Review on the Development and Efficacy of Targeted Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Prevalence of HIV and HIV-Hepatitis B Co-Infection in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in the Gambia, 2012-2019: A Prospective Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) share common modes of transmission; hence HBV and HCV infection are more prevalent among HIV patients. The co-infection with HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV, or HIV/HBV/HCV carries significant morbidity, with higher progression rates to end-stage liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We conducted a retrospective study among HIV adult patients co-infected with HBV or HCV and those with HCV, HIV, and HBV triple infection enrolled in the outpatient clinic of BronxCare Hospital between the years 2010 and 2021. Records were reviewed to obtain demographic data, including age and sex, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV antibodies, and CD4 T-lymphocyte count test results. Male and female patients ≥18 years with confirmed HIV by double enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and western blot, who underwent serology testing for both HBsAg and anti-HCV, were included in the study. Results In this study, 11355 HIV patients were included, comprising 7020 (61.8%) males and 4335 (38.2%) females. A total of 410 (3.6%) were hepatitis B positive, 1432 (12.6%) were hepatitis C positive, and 127 (1.1%) were both hepatitis B and C positive. Fifty-two (0.5%) patients were diagnosed with HCC. The majority of the patient with HCC (50%, n =26) were hepatitis C serology positive (p<0.001) while 9.6% (n=5) were positive for both hepatitis C and hepatitis B (p<0.001). Conclusion HIV/HBV/HCV triple-infected patients had a lower rate of HCC compared to HIV/HCV co-infected patients. HIV without hepatitis C or hepatitis B is an independent risk factor for HCC.
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