ReviewFrontiers in public health2022
Environmental Persistence of the World's Most Burdensome Infectious and Parasitic Diseases.
Review in Frontiers in public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging Viral Zoonoses: Epidemiology, Vaccination Strategies, and Implications for Global Public Health.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Nonlinear dynamics of Nosema ceranae and the fragile resilience of honeybee colonies under environmental strain.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Ecological and socioeconomic factors associated with globally reported tick-borne viruses.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Rainfall and temperature influence effectiveness of on-site sanitation intervention against E. coli contamination in Bangladeshi households.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2026Article
- Microbial source tracking of human and animal fecal contamination in Ecuadorian households.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Balancing sample sizes in parasitology: A standardized experimental infection method using faecal parasite eggs and aquatic intermediate hosts.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Article
- Zoonotic Risk of Intestinal Parasites in Ghana's Protected Areas: A Nexus for Human-Nonhuman Primates-Dog Interactions.Journal of parasitology research · 2026Article
- Microbial source tracking of human and animal fecal contamination in Ecuadorian households.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- From disaster to disease: Dengue outbreaks after mining dam failures in Mariana and Brumadinho, Brazil.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Sponge-based environmental DNA detection as a useful tool in monitoring Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex markers in European bison (Bison bonasus).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Pet and Stray Dogs' Contribution to Zoonotic Transmission Pathways: A Bibliometric Review.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Review
- The influence of social and spatial processes on the epidemiology of environmentally transmitted pathogens in wildlife: implications for management.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Article
- A One Health framework for exploring zoonotic interactions demonstrated through a case study.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Invasibility of a North American soil ecosystem to amphibian-killing fungal pathogens.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Season of death, pathogen persistence and wildlife behaviour alter number of anthrax secondary infections from environmental reservoirs.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Association between anthropization and rodent reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens in Northwestern Mexico.PloS one · 2024Article
- Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of pets: Retrospective study at the veterinary teaching hospital, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.Veterinary world · 2023Article
- Ecological and socioeconomic factors associated with the human burden of environmentally mediated pathogens: a global analysis.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2022Article
- Development of the WeChat Public AccountJournal of medical education and curricular developmentArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Humans live in complex socio-ecological systems where we interact with parasites and pathogens that spend time in abiotic and biotic environmental reservoirs (e.g., water, air, soil, other vertebrate hosts, vectors, intermediate hosts). Through a synthesis of published literature, we reviewed the life cycles and environmental persistence of 150 parasites and pathogens tracked by the World Health Organization's Global Burden of Disease study. We used those data to derive the time spent in each component of a pathogen's life cycle, including total time spent in humans versus all environmental stages. We found that nearly all infectious organisms were "environmentally mediated" to some degree, meaning that they spend time in reservoirs and can be transmitted from those reservoirs to human hosts. Correspondingly, many infectious diseases were primarily controlled through environmental interventions (e.g., vector control, water sanitation), whereas few (14%) were primarily controlled by integrated methods (i.e., combining medical and environmental interventions). Data on critical life history attributes for most of the 150 parasites and pathogens were difficult to find and often uncertain, potentially hampering efforts to predict disease dynamics and model interactions between life cycle time scales and infection control strategies. We hope that this synthetic review and associated database serve as a resource for understanding both common patterns among parasites and pathogens and important variability and uncertainty regarding particular infectious diseases. These insights can be used to improve systems-based approaches for controlling environmentally mediated diseases of humans in an era where the environment is rapidly changing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.