ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Proprotein Convertases and the Complement System.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- DeepNPA: A protBert-based framework for residue-level annotation of neuropeptide precursors.iScience · 2026Article
- Elabela in Lipid-Related Cardiometabolic Dysfunction: A Critical Narrative Review.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Chemerin Normal Function and Roles in Metabolic and Nonmetabolic Disorders: An Up-To-Date Comprehensive Review.Biochemistry research international · 2026Review
- Engineering Anti-Tumor Immunity: An Immunological Framework for mRNA Cancer Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- The role of complement in long COVID pathogenesis.JCI insight · 2025Review
- Estimating the best PCSK9 vaccine design for atherosclerosis based on mouse models: A frequentist network meta-analysis.Global cardiology science & practice · 2025Article
- Fibroblast derived C3 promotes the progression of experimental periodontitis through macrophage M1 polarization and osteoclast differentiation.International journal of oral science · 2025Article
- Interoception, cardiac health, and heart failure: The potential for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven diagnosis and treatment.Physiological reports · 2025Review
- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Treatment.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2024Review
- The Lectin Pathway of the Complement System-Activation, Regulation, Disease Connections and Interplay with Other (Proteolytic) Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Myeloid CellJournal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Oligosaccharides as Potential Therapeutics against Atherosclerosis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Quantification of the zymogenicity and the substrate-induced activity enhancement of complement factor D.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Human coagulation factor X and CD5 antigen-like are potential new members of the zonulin family proteins.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2023Article
- A novel method for real-time analysis of the complement C3b:FH:FI complex reveals dominant negativeFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Proteins destined for secretion - after removal of the signal sequence - often undergo further proteolytic processing by proprotein convertases (PCs). Prohormones are typically processed in the regulated secretory pathway, while most plasma proteins travel though the constitutive pathway. The complement system is a major proteolytic cascade in the blood, serving as a first line of defense against microbes and also contributing to the immune homeostasis. Several complement components, namely C3, C4, C5 and factor I (FI), are multi-chain proteins that are apparently processed by PCs intracellularly. Cleavage occurs at consecutive basic residues and probably also involves the action of carboxypeptidases. The most likely candidate for the intracellular processing of complement proteins is furin, however, because of the overlapping specificities of basic amino acid residue-specific proprotein convertases, other PCs might be involved. To our surprise, we have recently discovered that processing of another complement protein, mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-3 (MASP-3) occurs in the blood by PCSK6 (PACE4). A similar mechanism had been described for the membrane protease corin, which is also activated extracellularly by PCSK6. In this review we intend to point out that the proper functioning of the complement system intimately depends on the action of proprotein convertases. In addition to the non-enzymatic components (C3, C4, C5), two constitutively active complement proteases are directly activated by PCs either intracellularly (FI), or extracellularly (MASP-3), moreover indirectly, through the constitutive activation of pro-factor D by MASP-3, the activity of the alternative pathway also depends on a PC present in the blood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.