ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Trained Immunity and HIV Infection.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epithelial-Dermal Immune Memory: TrackingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Maladaptive Trained Immunity Drives Persistent IL-6 Production and Enhanced TLR Responsiveness in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages from People Living with HIV.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- The RV144 Trial Might Still Yield Useful Information.Current HIV research · 2026Review
- The potential role of trained immunity in HIV-associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Safety of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination and Impact on HIV-1 Latent Reservoir Size in People With Treated HIV-1 Infection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Maladaptive trained immunity in viral infections.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Understanding residual risk of cardiovascular disease in people with HIV.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Monocytes across life span in HIV infection: lights and shadows.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Emerging role of natural killer cells in non-AIDS comorbidities during suppressive antiretroviral therapy.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Innate immune memory in chronic HIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND): potential mechanisms and clinical implications.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Review
- Review
- Neuro-HIV-New insights into pathogenesis and emerging therapeutic targets.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2023Article
- Senotherapeutics: An emerging approach to the treatment of viral infectious diseases in the elderly.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Recent advances in poor HIV immune reconstitution: what will the future look like?Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Extracellular vesicles carrying HIV-1 Nef induce long-term hyperreactivity of myeloid cells.Cell reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Findings that certain infections induce immunity not only against the causing agent, but also against an unrelated pathogen have intrigued investigators for many years. Recently, underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon have started to come to light. It was found that the key cells responsible for heterologous protection are innate immune cells such as natural killer cells (NKs), dendritic cells, and monocytes/macrophages. These cells are 'primed' by initial infection, allowing them to provide enhanced response to subsequent infection by the same or unrelated agent. This phenomenon of innate immune memory was termed 'trained immunity'. The proposed mechanism for trained immunity involves activation by the first stimulus of metabolic pathways that lead to epigenetic changes, which maintain the cell in a "trained" state, allowing enhanced responses to a subsequent stimulus. Innate immune memory can lead either to enhanced responses or to suppression of subsequent responses ('tolerance'), depending on the strength and length of the initial stimulation of the immune cells. In the context of HIV infection, innate memory induced by infection is not well understood. In this Hypothesis and Theory article, we discuss evidence for HIV-induced trained immunity in human monocytes, its possible mechanisms, and implications for HIV-associated co-morbidities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.