ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Insights Into the Pathogenesis of Bullous Pemphigoid: The Role of Complement-Independent Mechanisms.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tissue Levels of MMP-9 and Granzyme B in Patients With Bullous Pemphigoid: A Case-Control Study.International journal of dermatology · 2026Article
- Shared Mechanistic Pathways in Bullous Pemphigoid, Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria, Prurigo Nodularis, and Chronic Prurigo of Unknown Origin: Implications for Targeted Therapies.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2026Review
- A Multicenter Analysis of Patients with Bullous Pemphigoid: Clinical Characteristics and Insights into Drug-Associated Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Dupilumab Can Be Effective for Immune-Related Adverse Event Dermatitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Targeting type 2 inflammation in dermatology: mechanisms and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- IgG autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid induce a pathogenic MyD88-dependent pro-inflammatory response in keratinocytes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The role of C4d expression in the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid: a clinical and histopathological study.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Article
- Associated factors related to production of autoantibodies and dermo-epidermal separation in bullous pemphigoid.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Review
- JAK-STAT pathway, type I/II cytokines, and new potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune bullous diseases: update on pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Severe systemic cutaneous adverse reactions following camrelizumab therapy: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Recent advances in the genetics and innate immune cells of bullous pemphigoid.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Anti-Idiotypic mRNA Vaccine to Treat Autoimmune Disorders.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Advancing Treatment in Bullous Pemphigoid: A Comprehensive Review of Novel Therapeutic Targets and Approaches.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Review
- From Molecular Insights to Clinical Perspectives in Drug-Associated Bullous Pemphigoid.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Adaptive and innate immune pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid: A review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Dupilumab effectively and rapidly treats bullous pemphigoid by inhibiting the activities of multiple cell types.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Circulating heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in atopic dermatitis and bullous pemphigoid: is there a link?Cell stress & chaperones · 2022Article
- Navigating Bullous Pemphigoid: Consensus Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management-A Canadian Perspective.Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgeryReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune blistering disease caused by autoantibodies targeting BP180 and BP230. While deposits of IgG and/or complement along the epidermal basement membrane are typically seen suggesting complement -mediated pathogenesis, several recent lines of evidence point towards complement-independent pathways contributing to tissue damage and subepidermal blister formation. Notable pathways include macropinocytosis of IgG-BP180 complexes resulting in depletion of cellular BP180, direct induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines from keratinocytes, as well as IgE autoantibody- and eosinophil-mediated effects. We review these mechanisms which open new perspectives on novel targeted treatment modalities.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.