ReviewNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2022
Incidence of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Following Inhalational vs Total Intravenous General Anesthesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in adult patients with general anesthesia: a meta-analysis.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Linking Mood Disorders, HPA Axis Dysregulation, and Neurocognitive Inflammation to Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Preoperative Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid SNAP-25 Levels Predict Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery in Elderly Patients: A Prospective Observational Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Observational
- Cognitive Changes in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Cognitive Assessments in Decision-Making Matters.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Diabetes and postoperative cognitive dysfunction and delirium in adults: mechanisms, biomarkers, and clinical management.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Postoperative neurocognitive disorders in the elderly: how can we stop the harm? A literature review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding Post-anesthesia cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Article
- Postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a concept analysis.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Review
- Nanotherapeutics for Alleviating Anesthesia-Associated Complications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- The Preventive Effect of Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction, on the Aspect of Behavior, Evaluated by Y-Maze Test, via Modulation of Microglial Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Association between anaesthesia-related factors and postoperative neurocognitive disorder: a post-hoc analysis.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Observational
- Tau protein plays a role in the mechanism of cognitive disorders induced by anesthetic drugs.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) has been increasingly recognized as a contributor to postoperative complications. A consensus-working group recommended that POCD should be distinguished between delayed cognitive recovery, ie, evaluations up to 30 days postoperative, and neurocognitive disorder, ie, assessments performed between 30 days and 12 months after surgery. Additionally, the choice of the anesthetic, either inhalational or total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and its effect on the incidence of POCD, has become a focus of research. Our primary objective was to search the literature and conduct a meta-analysis to verify whether the choice of general anesthesia may impact the incidence of POCD in the first 30 days postoperatively. As a secondary objective, a systematic review of the literature was conducted to estimate the effects of the anesthetic on POCD between 30 days and 12 months postoperative. For the primary objective, an initial review of 1913 articles yielded ten studies with a total of 3390 individuals. For the secondary objective, four studies with a total of 480 patients were selected. In the first 30 days postoperative, the odds-ratio for POCD in TIVA group was 0.46 (95% CI = 0.26-0.81; p = 0.01), compared to the inhalational group. TIVA was associated with a lower incidence of POCD in the first 30 days postoperatively. Regarding the secondary objective, due to the small number of selected articles and its high heterogeneity, a metanalysis was not conducted. Given the heterogeneity of criteria for POCD, future prospective studies with more robust designs should be performed to fully address this question.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.