ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2022
High Mortality Rate in Oral Glucocorticoid Users: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of a voclosporin-based triple immunosuppressive therapy to high-dose glucocorticoid-based immunosuppressive therapy: a propensity analysis of the AURA-LV and AURORA 1 studies and ALMS.Lupus science & medicine · 2024Trial
- Evaluation of basal cortisol and the adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test in 982 dogs undergoing investigation for hypoadrenocorticism.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of pirfenidone for patients with cancer and grade 2 or grade 3 radiation-induced lung injury: A modeling study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Oral glucocorticoids and risk of psychiatric and suicidal behaviour outcomes: population-based cohort study.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2026Article
- Dose-dependent relationships in potential prescribing cascades: a cohort study using community pharmacy dispensing data.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Sex differences in clinical and metabolic outcomes of glucocorticoid replacement therapy in adrenal insufficiency.Pituitary · 2026Review
- Immune-Mediated Colitis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Pathophysiology, Clinical Management, and the Emerging Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Early withdrawal of systemic corticosteroid following malignant glioma craniotomy: a real-world population-based cohort study.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency: physiological dose tapering promotes recovery.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a 28-Day Mortality Prediction Model for Patients with Sepsis Complicated by Autoimmune Diseases Using Two Machine Learning Methods.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Mortality in polymyalgia rheumatica: a 38-year prospective population-based cohort study from Southern Norway.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Survival Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Receiving Biologic or Targeted Synthetic Therapy: Real-World Data.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Asthma.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2025Review
- Undiagnosed adrenal insufficiency as a cause of premature death in glucocorticoid users.Endocrine connections · 2024Article
- Impact of chronic oral glucocorticoid treatment on mortality in patients with COVID-19: analysis of a population-based cohort.BMJ open · 2024Observational
- Efficacy and safety of a 30-day methylprednisolone treatment protocol for subacute thyroiditis: a prospective study.Endocrine connections · 2023Article
- Oral Glucocorticoid Use and Long-Term Mortality in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Non-Cancer Pain: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Glucocorticoids as a Double-Edged Sword in the Treatment of COVID-19: Mortality and Severity of COVID-19 in Patients Receiving Long-Term Glucocorticoid Therapy.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
- The Risk of Sarcoidosis Misdiagnosis and the Harmful Effect of Corticosteroids When the Disease Picture Is Incomplete.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Association between the cumulative dose of glucocorticoids before the development of pneumonia and death in patients receiving long-term glucocorticoids: a secondary analysis based on a Chinese cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate all-cause and disease-specific mortality in a large population-based cohort of oral glucocorticoid (GC) users. Methods: This was a retrospective, matched cohort study. Information on dispensed prescriptions was obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. The cause of death was obtained from the Swedish Cause-of-Death Registry. Patients receiving prednisolone ≥5 mg/day (or equivalent dose of other GC) for ≥21 days between 2007-2014 were included. For each patient, one control subject matched for age and sex was included. The study period was divided into 3-month periods and patients were divided into groups according to a defined daily dose (DDD) of GC used per day. The groups were: Non-users (0 DDD per day), low-dose users (>0 but <0.5 DDD per day), medium-dose users (0.5-1.5 DDD per day) and high-dose users (>1.5 DDD per day). Hazard ratios (HRs), unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities, were calculated using a time-dependent Cox proportional hazard model. Results: Cases (n=223 211) had significantly higher all-cause mortality compared to controls (HR adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities 2.08, 95% confidence interval 2.04 to 2.13). After dividing the cases into subgroups, adjusted HR was 1.31 (1.28 to 1.34) in non-users, 3.64 (3.51 to 3.77) in low-dose users, 5.43 (5.27 to 5.60) in medium-dose users and, 5.12 (4.84 to 5.42) in high-dose users. The highest adjusted hazard ratio was observed in high-dose users for deaths from sepsis 6.71 (5.12 to 8.81) and pulmonary embolism 7.83 (5.71 to 10.74). Conclusion: Oral GC users have an increased mortality rate compared to the background population, even after adjustment for comorbidities. High-dose users have an increased risk of dying from sepsis, and pulmonary embolism compared to controls. Whether the relationship between GC exposure and the excess mortality is causal remains to be elucidated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.