ReviewTrends in cognitive sciences2022
Normal blindness: when we Look But Fail To See.
Review in Trends in cognitive sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low prevalence targets are primarily missed due to mind wandering.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2026Article
- "Look Versus See": Does Varying Fellow Eye Contrast Affect Perception of the Amblyopic Eye?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Action planning can override exogenous cueing effects.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2025Article
- Eye-Tracking as a Lens into Expertise Development in Visual Search.Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction · 2025Article
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- Activation thresholds, not quitting thresholds, account for the low prevalence effect in dynamic search.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2024Article
- Persistent resampling of external information despite 25 repetitions of the same visual search templates.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2024Article
- Hazard Perception in Visually Impaired Drivers Who Use Bioptic Telescopes.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- On investigating drivers' attention allocation during partially-automated driving.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2024Article
- Road Hazard Stimuli: Annotated naturalistic road videos for studying hazard detection and scene perception.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- Toward a theory of perspective perception in pictures.Journal of vision · 2024Review
- Errors in visual search: Are they stochastic or deterministic?Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2024Article
- Iconic logic: the visual art of drawing the right conclusion.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Review
- Rethinking Distraction.Visual cognition · 2024Article
- High target prevalence may reduce the spread of attention during search tasks.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2024Article
- Seeing does not mean processing: where we look and the visual information we rely on change independently as we learn a novel walking task.Experimental brain research · 2023Article
- Fixation-related electrical potentials during a free visual search task reveal the timing of visual awareness.iScience · 2023Article
- The visible gorilla: Unexpected fast-not physically salient-Objects are noticeable.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Humans routinely miss important information that is 'right in front of our eyes', from overlooking typos in a paper to failing to see a cyclist in an intersection. Recent studies on these 'Looked But Failed To See' (LBFTS) errors point to a common mechanism underlying these failures, whether the missed item was an unexpected gorilla, the clearly defined target of a visual search, or that simple typo. We argue that normal blindness is the by-product of the limited-capacity prediction engine that is our visual system. The processes that evolved to allow us to move through the world with ease are virtually guaranteed to cause us to miss some significant stimuli, especially in important tasks like driving and medical image perception.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.