ArticleJournal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV2022
Outcome and long-term treatment protocol for topical tacrolimus in oral lichen planus.
Article in Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Micro-Needle Assisted Transmucosal Delivery of Triamcinolone and Hyaluronic Acid for the Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Oral diseases · 2026Trial
- Intravesical liposomal tacrolimus for hemorrhagic cystitis: a phase 2a multicenter dose-escalation study.International urology and nephrology · 2024Trial
- Common Medications Prescribed by Oral Medicine Practitioners in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Article
- Safety and Efficacy of LP-10 Liposomal Tacrolimus in Oral Lichen Planus: A Multicenter Phase 2 Trial.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Heterogeneous mechanisms, risk stratification, and translational advances in the malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders to oral squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- The Nallan-Nickel Effect: A Mechanistic Perspective on Burning Sensations and Lichenoid Reactions in Long-Serving Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal Restorations.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Spontaneous resolution of pemphigus vulgaris-induced desquamative gingivitis. A case report and brief review of the literature.Archive of clinical cases · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- What can we learn from treatments of oral lichen planus?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Implications of Oral Microbiome in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveTopical tacrolimus has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP). However, long-term effects and its optimal application protocol with gradual reduction have not been studied. Accordingly, we analysed the clinical response of OLP to tacrolimus in our daily clinical practice with a focus on the optimal long-term therapeutic scheme.
methodsRetrospective analysis of all consecutive patients diagnosed with OLP and treated with topical tacrolimus (0.03% oral rinse) in a clinical setting between 2015 and 2020. The objective clinical response was measured by a 4-point scale (complete remission, major remission, partial remission and no response), and subjective impairment by a 3-point scale (severe, moderate and none).
resultsFifty-seven patients (74% women; median age: 66 years) were included. Fifty-six (98%) patients had prior treatment with topical steroids. After introduction of tacrolimus, objective remission (major or complete) was reached by 28%, 62%, 87% and 97% of patients after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months respectively. Subjective remission was reported by 16%, 48%, 69% and 83% after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of treatment respectively. The treatment frequency could be gradually reduced from initially twice daily to once daily or less in 28%, 61%, 78% and 87% after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months respectively; 41% of patients completely suspended the treatment at one point, but 67% of them experienced a relapse after a median time of 3.3 months. Four patients (7%) developed a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) during the observation period. Otherwise, there were only few and minor side-effects.
conclusionTopical tacrolimus can be an effective second-line therapy for OLP refractory to potent topical corticosteroids. The therapy frequency can often be reduced during the maintenance period. Both signs of clinical activity and subjective impairment should guide therapy. Regular follow-up is necessary to recognize possible SCC.
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