ArticleBMC ophthalmology2022
Effects of smoking on the retina of patients with dry age-related macular degeneration by optical coherence tomography angiography.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human retinal organoid model of disease-relevant photoreceptor cell death amenable to drug screening.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- How Do Optometrists Approach Directed Questioning on Smoking Status in a Centrally Co-Ordinated, Publicly-Funded National Primary Care Eye Health Service?Clinical optometry · 2026Article
- Naphthalene Metabolites From Long-Term Environmental Tobacco Smoke Induce the Aging of Retinal Pigment Epithelium.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Multidisciplinary Clinical Study on Retinal, Circulatory, and Respiratory Damage in Smoking-Dependent Subjects.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Fundus blood flow density changes in the smoking population by artificial intelligence-based optical coherence tomography angiography.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Assessment of Retinal Microangiopathy in Patients with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography-A Pilot Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Regulatory factors of Nrf2 in age-related macular degeneration pathogenesis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Understanding human aging and the fundamental cell signaling link in age-related diseases: the middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis.Frontiers in aging · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe macula of the retina is analysed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to provide clinical basis and explain the mechanism of smoking as a risk factor in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 49 normal control nonsmokers, 12 normal control smokers, 38 dry AMD nonsmokers and 35 dry AMD smokers. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ), foveal density (FD) in a 300 μm region around FAZ, vessel densities of the superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) capillary plexuses and central fovea retinal thickness (FRT) were compared using OCTA. The bivariate correlation analysis was used to evaluate the effect of pack-year history on retina-related indices.
resultsThe vessel densities of whole, foveal and parafoveal of SCP and whole and parafoveal of DCP in the control nonsmoking group were all significantly higher than those in the dry AMD nonsmoking group (all P < 0.05), whereas the whole vessel density of SCP in the normal smoking group was higher than that in the dry AMD smoking group (P = 0.04). The thickness values of the inner and full-layer FRT in the normal nonsmoking group were significantly thicker than those in the dry AMD nonsmoking group (all P < 0.01). The pack-year history was negatively correlated with the parafoveal vessel density of DCP (r = - 0.224, P < 0.01).
conclusionsFD, SCP, DCP and FRT are sensitive indices for the detection of early and intermediate dry AMD. DCP is a sensitive indicator that reflects the effects of smoking on the retina. Considerable changes are observed in retinal vessels, suggesting that dry AMD may affect the retinal tissue to a certain extent.
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