ReviewMucosal immunology2022
The impact of biological sex on diseases of the urinary tract.
Review in Mucosal immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characteristics of the Health-Associated Oral Microbiome in Young Nonhuman Primates.Molecular oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in urinary extracellular vesicles originating from the genitourinary system in health and disease.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Review
- Risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infection after SGLT2 inhibitor reinitiation in type 2 diabetes.Endocrine · 2026Article
- Machine learning models for early detection of urinary tract infections in kidney transplant patients.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Distribution of mrk genes among uopathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae.Journal of applied genetics · 2026Article
- Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections: From an Invisible Impact to a Visible Change in Complex Care.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Uropathogenic profiles and antibiotic resistance in gynecological cases: a microbial surveillance study from Northeast India.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Diabetes and hyperglucosuria exacerbate the severity of urinary tract infection caused by uropathogenicInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Trends and disparities in urinary tract infections-related mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2023: Insights from CDC WONDER.Medicine · 2026Article
- Relative Leukocyte Telomere Length Is Associated with Multimorbidity Burden in Older Adults: Evidence for Sex-Specific Associations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms and clinical impacts of sex differences in urologic cancers.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in immune responses to viruses, bacteria and vaccines.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Single-nucleus transcriptomics illuminates sex differences during murine Escherichia coli pyelonephritis.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Article
- How Does Biological Sex Impact Mucosal Bacterial Infection? Mucosal Defenses and Bacterial Detection.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Cocktail of genetically diverse lytic phages reduces uropathogenic Escherichia coli colonization in mouse urinary tract.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A gender-based investigation of risk factors for infectious complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy for kidney stones: insight for personalized management.World journal of urology · 2026Article
- Uropathogenic Escherichia coli invade luminal prostate cells via FimH-PPAP receptor binding.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- National retrospective study of regional prescriber-specific variation in community antibiotic prescribing Canada, 2019-2023.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Natural and synthetic chemicals acting as enhancers of bacterial pathogenic success within the human host.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Biological sex, being female or male, broadly influences diverse immune phenotypes, including immune responses to diseases at mucosal surfaces. Sex hormones, sex chromosomes, sexual dimorphism, and gender differences all contribute to how an organism will respond to diseases of the urinary tract, such as bladder infection or cancer. Although the incidence of urinary tract infection is strongly sex biased, rates of infection change over a lifetime in women and men, suggesting that accompanying changes in the levels of sex hormones may play a role in the response to infection. Bladder cancer is also sex biased in that 75% of newly diagnosed patients are men. Bladder cancer development is shaped by contributions from both sex hormones and sex chromosomes, demonstrating that the influence of sex on disease can be complex. With a better understanding of how sex influences disease and immunity, we can envision sex-specific therapies to better treat diseases of the urinary tract and potentially diseases of other mucosal tissues.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.