ArticleExpert review of clinical immunology2022
Gut-brain communication in COVID-19: molecular mechanisms, mediators, biomarkers, and therapeutics.
Article in Expert review of clinical immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stiff Person Syndrome: Bridging Neuroimmunology and Rehabilitation for Improved Patient Outcomes.Archives of internal medicine research · 2026Article
- A perfect storm: the immunological and pathophysiological landscape of pediatric post-COVID-19 condition.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Enteric nervous system as a therapeutic target in gastrointestinal disorders.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Patients After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: What Do We Know?Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Nutrition, Gut Microbiota, and Epigenetics in the Modulation of Immune Response and Metabolic Health.Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Gut-Brain Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutics.Archives of internal medicine research · 2025Article
- CAR T-Cell Therapy in Cancer: Balancing Efficacy with Cardiac Toxicity Concerns.Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics · 2025Article
- Role of Gut Microbiota in Long COVID: Impact on Immune Function and Organ System Health.Archives of microbiology & immunology · 2025Article
- Mapping ACE2 and TMPRSS2 co-expression in human brain tissue: implications for SARS-CoV-2 neurological manifestations.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Article
- Computational Biology in the Discovery of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis, Treatment and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases.Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Strategies to Minimize Virus Transmission During Anesthesia Procedures in COVID-19 Patients.Anesthesia and critical care (Houston, Tex.) · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of long COVID: An updated review.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2023Review
- A Review of Hematological Complications and Treatment in COVID-19.Hematology reports · 2023Review
- Epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management of long COVID: an update.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- Pitfalls and Traps in the Surgical Evaluation of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2023Article
- Distinguishing Swine Flu (H1N1) from COVID-19: Clinical, Virological, and Immunological Perspectives.Archives of microbiology & immunology · 2023Article
- Thromboembolism in the Complications of Long COVID-19.Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Long COVID: Complications, Underlying Mechanisms, and Treatment Strategies.Archives of microbiology & immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionInfection with COVID-19 results in acute respiratory symptoms followed by long COVID multi-organ effects presenting with neurological, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations. Temporal relationship between gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms is unclear but warranted for exploring better clinical care for COVID-19 patients. AREAS COVERED: We critically reviewed the temporal relationship between gut-brain axis after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the molecular mechanisms involved in neuroinvasion following GI infection. Mediators are identified that could serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in SARS-CoV-2. We discussed the potential therapeutic approaches to mitigate the effects of GI infection with SARS-CoV-2. EXPERT OPINION: Altered gut microbiota cause increased expression of various mediators, including zonulin causing disruption of tight junction. This stimulates enteric nervous system and signals to CNS precipitating neurological sequalae. Published reports suggest potential role of cytokines, immune cells, B(0)AT1 (SLC6A19), ACE2, TMRSS2, TMPRSS4, IFN-γ, IL-17A, zonulin, and altered gut microbiome in gut-brain axis and associated neurological sequalae. Targeting these mediators and gut microbiome to improve immunity will be of therapeutic significance. In-depth research and well-designed large-scale population-based clinical trials with multidisciplinary and collaborative approaches are warranted. Investigating the temporal relationship between organs involved in long-term sequalae is critical due to evolving variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.