ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2022
Prevalence and correlates of incarceration following emergency medical services response to overdose.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Business and Service Provider Attitudes Towards Police Involvement in Overdose Response: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Rhode Island Overdose Hotspots.Journal of community health · 2026Article
- Expanding Safe Hospital Access AM for Overdose Care in Lebanon.Health and human rights · 2026Article
- Community supervision during Oregon's partial decriminalization Measure 110: Criminal legal system involvement, overdose, and naloxone access.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Why innovations in policing don't work or don't translate: An implementation science survey of US police leaders.Police practice & research : an international journal · 2025Article
- Overdose education and naloxone distribution among women with a history of OUD transitioning to the community following jail release.Health & justice · 2025Article
- Beliefs of US chiefs of police about substance use disorder, fentanyl exposure, overdose response, and use of discretion: results from a national survey.Health & justice · 2025Article
- Characterizing and responding to stimulant overdoses: Findings from a mixed methods study of people who use cocaine and other stimulants in New England.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Improving first responders' perceptions of overdose events and survivors through tailored occupational health-focused training co-facilitated by overdose survivors.Health & justice · 2024Article
- The effects of message framing on US police chiefs' support for interventions for opioid use disorder: a randomized survey experiment.Health & justice · 2024Article
- Linkage facilitation for opioid use disorder in criminal legal system contexts: a primer for researchers, clinicians, and legal practitioners.Health & justice · 2024Article
- Disparities in the accuracy of reporting opioid overdoses to 9-1-1 by race and sex of overdose victim, Marion County, Indiana, 2011-2020.Health & justice · 2024Article
- Antecedents of fatal overdose in an adult cohort identified through administrative record linkage in Indiana, 2015-2022.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Increasing trends and incidence of nonfatal overdose among women sex workers who use drugs in British Columbia: The role of criminalization-related barriers to harm reduction.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Post-overdose follow-up in the community with peer recovery specialists: The Lake Superior Diversion and Substance Use Response Team.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Characteristics of events in which police responded to overdoses: an examination of incident reports in Rhode Island.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo describe the prevalence of incarceration among survivors of non-fatal overdose addressed through an emergency medical services (EMS) response, and compare incarceration by whether the emergency was for opioid-involved or stimulant-involved overdose.
methodsAdministrative records on 192,113 EMS incidents and 70,409 jail booking events occurring between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020 in Indianapolis, Indiana were record-linked at the event level. Incarceration taking place within 6-hours of an EMS incident was associated with that incident. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of incarceration after an overdose.
resultsAmong all EMS incidents, 2.6% were followed by incarceration. For overdose EMS incidents, the prevalence of incarceration was 10.0%. Overdose incidents had higher odds than non-overdose incidents of leading to a charge of felony, booked on a warrant, and transferred to another law enforcement agency upon release. Prevalence of incarceration following a stimulant-involved overdose was 21.3%, compared to 9.3% for opioid-involved overdose survivors. Compared to persons from other EMS incidents, overdose survivors had greater odds of incarceration (AOR=3.48, 95% confidence interval (CI)= 3.22, 3.75, p < .001), with opioid-involved overdoses (AOR=3.03, 95% CI=2.76, 3.33, p < .001) and stimulant-involved overdoses (AOR=6.70, 95% CI=5.26, 8.55, p < .001) leading to higher odds of incarceration.
conclusionIncarceration in county jail followed one in ten overdose-involved EMS responses. As illicit drug consumption increasingly involves stimulants, the frequency of incarceration following these events is likely to increase. Policy changes and interventions are needed to reduce incarceration after overdose emergencies.
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