ArticleEnvironment international2022
The complex relationship of air pollution and neighborhood socioeconomic status and their association with cognitive decline.
Article in Environment international, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Airborne pollutants and risk of neurodegenerative diseases: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Air pollution and cognitive outcomes in older adults: a systematic review.Reviews on environmental health · 2026Review
- Neighborhood Characteristics and Social Functioning: Exploring Shared and Distinct Psychosocial Pathways Among Individuals at Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Within- and between-study site variations in ambient air pollution exposure at ages 9-10 years in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Comparison of environmental mixture methods for estimating the joint effects of environmental mixtures.Environmental research · 2026Article
- A critical review of potential modifiers of air pollutant associations with dementia and related outcomes.Neurotoxicology · 2026Review
- Mixtures of key components of the external exposome in association with MRI biomarkers of brain structure: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Association of Air Pollution and Socioeconomic Deprivation with Depression and Pain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- The potential effects of hypothetical PM2.5 interventions on childhood autism in different neighborhood socioeconomic contexts.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Associations between joint air pollution exposure, mental health, and physical health and dementia incidence in an aging U.S. cohort.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Alzheimer's Disease in Illinois: Analyzing Disparities and Projected Trends.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cumulative psychosocial factors and epigenetic age acceleration in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.Epigenomics · 2025Article
- Joint effects of environmental and neighborhood socioeconomic factors on cognitive function in the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Fine particulate matter air pollution and longitudinal gray matter development changes during early adolescence: variation by neighborhood disadvantage level.Environment international · 2025Article
- Exposure profiles of social-environmental neighborhood factors and persistent distressing psychotic-like experiences across four years among young adolescents in the US.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Tackling Cumulative Impacts: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Whole-of-Agency Approach.EM (Pittsburgh, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Risk of dementia due to Co-exposure to air pollution and neighborhood disadvantage.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Heterogeneous associations of multiplexed environmental factors and multidimensional aging metrics.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Environmental Determinants of Post-Discharge Acute Respiratory Illness among Preterm Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Joint effects of air pollution and neighborhood socioeconomic status on cognitive decline - Mediation by depression, high cholesterol levels, and high blood pressure.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAir pollution and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) have been shown to affect cognitive decline in older adults. In previous studies, nSES acts as both a confounder and an effect modifier between air pollution and cognitive decline.
objectivesThis study aims to examine the individual and joint effects of air pollution and nSES on cognitive decline on adults 50 years and older in Metro Atlanta, USA.
methodsPerceived memory and cognitive decline was assessed in 11,897 participants aged 50+ years from the Emory Healthy Aging Study (EHAS) using the cognitive function instrument (CFI). Three-year average air pollution concentrations for 12 pollutants and 16 nSES characteristics were matched to participants using census tracts. Individual exposure linear regression and LASSO models explore individual exposure effects. Environmental mixture modeling methods including, self-organizing maps (SOM), Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and quantile-based G-computation explore joint effects, and effect modification between air pollutants and nSES characteristics on cognitive decline.
resultsParticipants living in areas with higher air pollution concentrations and lower nSES experienced higher CFI scores (beta: 0.121; 95 % CI: 0.076, 0.167) compared to participants living in areas with low air pollution and high nSES. Additionally, the BKMR model showed a significant overall mixture effect on cognitive decline, suggesting synergy between air pollution and nSES. These joint effects explain protective effects observed in single-pollutant linear regression models, even after adjustment for confounding by nSES (e.g., an IQR increase in CO was associated with a 0.038-point lower (95 % CI: -0.06, -0.01) CFI score). DISCUSSION: Observed protective effects of single air pollutants on cognitive decline can be explained by joint effects and effect modification of air pollutants and nSES. Researchers must consider nSES as an effect modifier if not a co-exposure to better understand the complex relationships between air pollution and nSES in urban settings.
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