Trial reportJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2022
Phase II Study of Enzalutamide for Patients With Androgen Receptor-Positive Salivary Gland Cancers (Alliance A091404).
Trial report in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Darolutamide Alone and in Combination With Goserelin in Androgen Receptor-Positive Salivary Gland Carcinoma: Results From the Phase II DISCOVARY Trial.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026Trial
- A phase II trial of nivolumab for patients with platinum-refractory recurrent or metastatic salivary gland cancer.Japanese journal of clinical oncology · 2026Trial
- Abiraterone Acetate in Patients With Castration-Resistant, Androgen Receptor-Expressing Salivary Gland Cancer: A Phase II Trial.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Sex differences in non-reproductive cancers: mechanistic roles of sex-hormone signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Contemporary Management of Malignancies of the Parotid Gland: A State-of-the-Art Review.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Review
- Systemic Therapy for Salivary Gland Cancers: A Review of Targeted and Chemotherapeutic Approaches.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- Testosterone and Androgen Receptor in Cancers with Significant Sex Dimorphism in Incidence Rates and Survival.Cancers · 2025Review
- LH-RH agonist monotherapy for androgen receptor-positive recurrent and/or metastatic salivary gland cancer: a retrospective study.International journal of clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Targeting CDK7 Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of Enzalutamide in Androgen Receptor-Positive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting c-MYC-mediated Tumorigenesis.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2025Article
- Advances in Targeted and Systemic Therapy for Salivary Gland Carcinomas: Current Options and Future Directions.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Targeted Therapy in Salivary Gland Cancer: Prevalence of a Selected Panel of Actionable Molecular Alterations in a German Tertiary Referral Center Patient Cohort.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2025Article
- The extent of androgen receptor and HER2 expression allows for targeted therapy in most cases of salivary duct carcinoma: analysis of clinical and histopathological data in a tertiary care center.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Article
- Exploring Immunological Effects and Novel Immune Adjuvants in Immunotherapy for Salivary Gland Cancers.Cancers · 2024Review
- Translational Insights in the Landscape of Salivary Gland Cancers: Ready for a New Era?Cancers · 2024Review
- Case report: Salivary duct carcinoma in a patient with a germlineFrontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Beyond Prostate Cancer: An Androgen Receptor Splice Variant Expression in Multiple Malignancies, Non-Cancer Pathologies, and Development.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- 'Toxic Masculinity': What Is Known about the Role of Androgen Receptors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Targeted treatment in a case series of AR+, HRAS/PIK3CA co-mutated salivary duct carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- The Therapeutic Landscape of Salivary Gland Malignancies-Where Are We Now?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe androgen receptor (AR) is expressed (+) in a subset of salivary gland cancers (SGCs). This phase II trial evaluated the efficacy of the antiandrogen enzalutamide in AR+ SGC.
methodsPatients with locally advanced/unresectable or metastatic AR+ SGCs were enrolled. Enzalutamide (160 mg) was given orally once daily. The primary end point was the best overall response rate per RECIST v1.1 within eight cycles. Confirmed responses in ≥ 5 of 41 patients would be considered promising. Secondary end points were progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety.
resultsForty-six patients were enrolled; 30 (65.2%) received prior systemic therapy, including 13 (28.3%) with AR-targeted drugs. Of seven (15.2%) partial responses (PRs), only two (4.3%) were confirmed per protocol and counted toward the primary end point. Twenty-four patients (52.2%) had stable disease; 15 (32.6%) had progression of disease as best response. Twenty-six patients (56.5%) experienced tumor regression in target lesions; 18 (39.1%) had partial response/stable disease ≥ 6 months. Tumor regressions were observed in female patients (5 of 6 [83.3%]) and those who received prior AR- (6 of 13 [46.2%]) or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-targeted therapies (5 of 8 [62.5%]). Three patients remained on treatment at data cutoff (duration, 32.2-49.8 months). The median progression-free survival was 5.6 months (95% CI, 3.7 to 7.5); the median overall survival was 17.0 months (95% CI, 11.8 to 30.0). The most common adverse events were fatigue, hypertension, hot flashes, and weight loss. Total and free testosterone levels increased by a mean of 61.2% and 48.8%, respectively, after enzalutamide.
conclusionEnzalutamide demonstrated limited activity in AR+ SGC, failing to meet protocol-defined success in part because of a lack of response durability. Strategies to enhance the efficacy of antiandrogen therapy are needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.