ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
A 3D-printed transepidermal microprojection array for human skin microbiome sampling.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosis and management of nipple-areolar complex conditions in postmenopausal women: a retrospective study highlighting multidisciplinary care needs.International journal of women's dermatology · 2026Article
- Engineering microneedles for biosensing and drug delivery.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Recurrent Nipple Duct Obstruction in Two Breastfeeding Patients: A Case Report and Discussion of the Underlying Pathophysiology.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2025Article
- Optimisation of cutaneous microbiota sampling methodology.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2025Article
- 3D bioprinting of high-performance hydrogel with in-situ birth of stem cell spheroids.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Sample collecting methods for bacterial community structure analysis of scalp hair: non-invasive swabbing versus intrusive hair shaft cutting.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Design and fabrication of customizable microneedles enabled by 3D printing for biomedical applications.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- An approach to the dermatological classification of histopathological skin images using a hybridized CNN-DenseNet model.PeerJ. Computer science · 2024Article
- The Skin Microbiome: Current Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions.Microorganisms · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Skin microbiome sampling is currently performed with tools such as swabs and tape strips to collect microbes from the skin surface. However, these conventional approaches may be unable to detect microbes deeper in the epidermis or in epidermal invaginations. We describe a sampling tool with a depth component, a transepidermal microprojection array (MPA), which captures microbial biomass from both the epidermal surface and deeper skin layers. We leveraged the rapid customizability of 3D printing to enable systematic optimization of MPA for human skin sampling. Evaluation of sampling efficacy on human scalp revealed the optimized MPA was comparable in sensitivity to swab and superior to tape strip, especially for nonstandard skin surfaces. We observed differences in species diversity, with the MPA detecting clinically relevant fungi more often than other approaches. This work delivers a tool in the complex field of skin microbiome sampling to potentially address gaps in our understanding of its role in health and disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.