ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2022
p53 Binding Sites in Long Terminal Repeat 5Hs (LTR5Hs) of Human Endogenous Retrovirus K Family (HML-2 Subgroup) Play Important Roles in the Regulation of LTR5Hs Transcriptional Activity.
Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- A phylogeny-guided framework for decoding mechanisms of human endogenous retrovirus regulation in health and disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Activation of endogenous retroviruses in tumor cells and their immunomodulatory mechanisms: from molecular basis to clinical translation.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Evolutionary interplay between viruses and R-loops.FEBS letters · 2025Review
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Diseases.MedComm · 2025Review
- Meiotic Recombination May Be Initiated by Copy Choice During DNA Synthesis Rather than Break/Join Mechanism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Endogenous Retroviruses in Host-Virus Coevolution: From Genomic Domestication to Functional Innovation.Genes · 2025Review
- Article
- The role of HERV envelope protein in ovarian cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Species-Specific Transcription Factors Associated with Long Terminal Repeat Promoters of Endogenous Retroviruses: A Comprehensive Review.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- HERVK-mediated regulation of neighboring genes: implications for breast cancer prognosis.Retrovirology · 2024Article
- Editorial: The evolution, characterization, and role of human endogenous retroviruses in health and diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K (HML-2)-Related Genetic Variation: Human Genome Diversity and Disease.Genes · 2023Review
- Long COVID as a Tauopathy: Of "Brain Fog" and "Fusogen Storms".International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Comprehensive Analysis and Drug Modulation of Human Endogenous Retrovirus in Hepatocellular Carcinomas.Cancers · 2023Article
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and HIV Promote PAH via Inflammation and Growth Stimulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses: Friends and Foes in Urology Clinics.International neurourology journal · 2022Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The long terminal repeats (LTRs) of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are distributed throughout the human genome and provide favorable conditions to regulate the expression of their adjacent genes. HML-2 is the most biologically active subgroup of the HERV-K family, and expression of its members has been associated with many cancer types. The LTRs of HML-2 have been classified into three subgroups (LTR5A, LTR5B, and LTR5Hs) based on phylogenetic analyses. The current study aimed to explore the LTR transcriptional activity differences among the three subtypes and further explore the underlying factors. A total of 43 LTR5A elements, 62 LTR5B elements, and 194 LTR5Hs elements were selected. A phylogenetic tree showed that the LTR5Hs group was clearly separated from the LTR5A and LTR5B groups. A luciferase reporter assay indicated that LTR5Hs had the strongest promoter activity, followed by LTR5A and LTR5B. To investigate the underlying factors, LTR5Hs was divided into 4 sections, and the homologous fragments in LTR5B were replaced successively. Replacement of the third section (-263 to 0) significantly increased LTR5B activity. Subsequent mutation experiments revealed that the increased transcriptional activity was induced by the TATA box and the two p53 binding sites within the section. Further interference with
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