SynthesisPerspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science2023
Sex/Gender Differences in Verbal Fluency and Verbal-Episodic Memory: A Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea is associated with worse verbal episodic memory in older females.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Trial
- Effect of oral contraceptive consumption timing on substrate metabolism, cognition, and exercise performance in females: a randomised controlled trial.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Trial
- Perceived Discrimination and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: An Analysis of the Health and Retirement Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Sex-stratified associations between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in treatment-resistant vs. non-resistant schizophrenia.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Sex differences in higher-order cognition in schizophrenia and unaffected first-degree relatives: a longitudinal, family study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neuropsychological Functioning in Transgender Adults: Evidence from a University-Based Gender Identity Clinic in Türkiye.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Are There Sex or Gender Differences in Autistic Characteristics? An Umbrella Systematic Review.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Cognitive Divergence in Parkinson's Disease.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- The power of many small sex differences in cognition, personality, and interests.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Adherence to Healthy Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Performance: Evidence from DASH and Mediterranean Diets.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Robust but independent sex differences in human brain function, structure, and behavior.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Gender stereotypes and the construction of self-beliefs in spatial cognition.Psychological research · 2026Article
- Natural language processing of patient in-session speech to predict brief motivational interviewing alcohol intervention response: an exploratory study.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2026Article
- Neuropsychological Correlates of Linguistic Skills in At-Risk and Typically Developing Readers Across Educational Stages.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the strategies of haptic object memory in early adulthood.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Changes in verbal fluency, anthropometric parameters, physical activity, and physical fitness following an after-school basketball program in children: a pilot study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The cognitive connectome of men and women: a study on sex differences across three cohorts.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Cognitive impairment, depression, and fatigue in post-COVID and post-vaccination syndrome: a large-scale cross-sectional study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- The evolution of phonemic verbal fluency test: bridging tradition with contemporary insights.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- The contribution of verbal delayed recall to phonemic but not semantic fluency in aging individuals.Oxford open neuroscience · 2026Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Women are thought to fare better in verbal abilities, especially in verbal-fluency and verbal-memory tasks. However, the last meta-analysis on sex/gender differences in verbal fluency dates from 1988. Although verbal memory has only recently been investigated meta-analytically, a comprehensive meta-analysis is lacking that focuses on verbal memory as it is typically assessed, for example, in neuropsychological settings. On the basis of 496 effect sizes and 355,173 participants, in the current meta-analysis, we found that women/girls outperformed men/boys in phonemic fluency (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.