ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
High Number and Specific Comorbidities Could Impact the Immune Response in COVID-19 Patients.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamic immune response and its influencing factors in COVID-19 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cohort study.World journal of hepatology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and severity of anxiety, stress, and depression among adults with long COVID in Barcelona: a cross-sectional study.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Age differences in prevalence and symptoms of post-COVID-19 condition among children: a prospective cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Role of COVID-19 infection status on the prediction of future infection: Immunity or susceptibility.PloS one · 2025Article
- Estimation of outpatient SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and recurrence rates and associated factors among COVID-19 hospitalized patients over one-year old: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Defining the correlates of lymphopenia and independent predictors of poor clinical outcome in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in Australia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cellular Immunity of SARS-CoV-2 in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Nested Case-Control Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Recommendations on Rapid Diagnostic Point-of-care Molecular Tests for Respiratory Infections in the United Arab Emirates.The open respiratory medicine journal · 2024Review
- Dynamic Characteristics of Lymphocyte Subsets and Their Predictive Value for Disease Progression and Prognosis in Primary Infection and Unvaccinated COVID-19 Patients.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- Direct impact of 2 years of COVID-19 on chronic disease patients: a population-based study in a large hard-hit Italian region.BMJ open · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and Fatty Liver Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- SARS-CoV2 Infection and Comorbidity in Inmates: A Study of Central Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The relationship between the number of COVID-19 vaccines and infection with Omicron ACE2 inhibition at 18-months post initial vaccination in an adult cohort of Canadian paramedics.Access microbiology · 2023Article
- The Oral Lesion in the COVID-19 Patient: Is It True Oral Manifestation or Not?Infection and drug resistance · 2023Review
- Age, Sex and Previous Comorbidities as Risk Factors Not Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection for Long COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Role of Demyelination in the Persistence of Neurological and Mental Impairments after COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Cellular immunodeficiency and comorbidities are common in COVID-19 patients. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate comorbidities impacting on the cellular immunity in COVID-19 patients. Methods: The research objects included 55 healthy controls and 718 COVID-19 patients who divided into the control group and the COVID-19 group, respectively. Those in the COVID-19 group were divided into subgroups on the basis of the number and types of comorbidities present. Lymphocyte itself and its subsets were compared between the control group and the COVID-19 group, the groups with comorbidities based on the different number and types of comorbidities, and the relationship between the lymphocyte counts and subsets with the number and types of comorbidities was investigated. Results: Compared with the control group, the lymphocyte counts and T cell subsets were significantly increased in the groups with comorbidities, but both B and NK cell subsets were significantly decreased in the no comorbidity group and in most of the groups with comorbidities (all P<0.05). In the three comorbidities group, the lymphocyte counts and T cell subsets were all significantly decreased, but the CD56+ percentage was obviously increased (all P<0.05). The number of comorbidities was negatively correlated with the lymphocyte counts and the T and NK cell subsets. A negative correlation also existed between cancer and both the lymphocyte counts and the T cell subsets, between chronic hepatitis B and the lymphocyte counts, and between chronic kidney disease and the CD3+ counts. A positive correlation existed between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) disease and both lymphocyte and CD3+ counts. The risk factors were number of comorbidities for the lymphocyte count, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ percentages, NAFLD for the lymphocyte and CD3+ counts, cardiovascular diseases for CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ percentages, diabetes mellitus for the CD3+CD8+ percentage, and cancer for the CD3+ percentage, respectively. Conclusions: High numbers of comorbidities and specific comorbidities could impact the immune response of COVID-19 patients. This study provides a reference for clinicians in the identification of suitable and timely immunotherapy for COVID-19 patients. Clinical Trial Registry: https://www.chictr.org.cn/enindex.aspx, identifier ChiCTR2000034563.
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